Dataset Information

Apparent temperature and cause-specific mortality in Copenhagen, Denmark: a case-crossover analysis.

ABSTRACT: Temperature, a key climate change indicator, is expected to increase substantially in the Northern Hemisphere, with potentially grave implications for human health. This study is the first to investigate the association between the daily 3-hour maximum apparent temperature (Tapp(max)), and respiratory, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality in Copenhagen (1999-2006) using a case-crossover design. Susceptibility was investigated for age, sex, socio-economic status and place of death. For an inter-quartile range (7 °C) increase in Tapp(max), an inverse association was found with cardiovascular mortality (-7% 95% CI -13%; -1%) and none with respiratory and cerebrovascular mortality. In the cold period all associations were inverse, although insignificant.

SUBMITTER: Wichmann J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3194112 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Apparent temperature and cause-specific mortality in Copenhagen, Denmark: a case-crossover analysis.

Wichmann Janine J Andersen Zorana Jovanovic ZJ Ketzel Matthias M Ellermann Thomas T Loft Steffen S

International journal of environmental research and public health 20110916 9

Temperature, a key climate change indicator, is expected to increase substantially in the Northern Hemisphere, with potentially grave implications for human health. This study is the first to investigate the association between the daily 3-hour maximum apparent temperature (Tapp(max)), and respiratory, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality in Copenhagen (1999-2006) using a case-crossover design. Susceptibility was investigated for age, sex, socio-economic status and place of death. For an ...[more]

PMID: 22016711

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Project description:ObjectiveTo determine the association between levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and all cause mortality, and the concentration of LDL-C associated with the lowest risk of all cause mortality in the general population.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingDenmark; the Copenhagen General Population Study recruited in 2003-15 with a median follow-up of 9.4 years.ParticipantsIndividuals randomly selected from the national Danish Civil Registration System.Main outcome measuresBaseline levels of LDL-C associated with risk of mortality were evaluated on a continuous scale (restricted cubic splines) and by a priori defined centile categories with Cox proportional hazards regression models. Main outcome was all cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were cause specific mortality (cardiovascular, cancer, and other mortality).ResultsAmong 108 243 individuals aged 20-100, 11 376 (10.5%) died during the study, at a median age of 81. The association between levels of LDL-C and the risk of all cause mortality was U shaped, with low and high levels associated with an increased risk of all cause mortality. Compared with individuals with concentrations of LDL-C of 3.4-3.9 mmol/L (132-154 mg/dL; 61st-80th centiles), the multivariable adjusted hazard ratio for all cause mortality was 1.25 (95% confidence interval 1.15 to 1.36) for individuals with LDL-C concentrations of less than 1.8 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL; 1st-5th centiles) and 1.15 (1.05 to 1.27) for LDL-C concentrations of more than 4.8 mmol/L (>189 mg/dL; 96th-100th centiles). The concentration of LDL-C associated with the lowest risk of all cause mortality was 3.6 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) in the overall population and in individuals not receiving lipid lowering treatment, compared with 2.3 mmol/L (89 mg/dL) in individuals receiving lipid lowering treatment. Similar results were seen in men and women, across age groups, and for cancer and other mortality, but not for cardiovascular mortality. Any increase in LDL-C levels was associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction.ConclusionsIn the general population, low and high levels of LDL-C were associated with an increased risk of all cause mortality, and the lowest risk of all cause mortality was found at an LDL-C concentration of 3.6 mmol/L (140 mg/dL).

Project description:BackgroundClimate change exacerbates temperature-related mortality, but effects may vary by geographic characteristics. We hypothesize that higher greenness may mitigate temperature-related mortality, and that the effect may vary in different areas.ObjectiveWe examined how mortality among older adults in China was associated with temperature for 2000-2014, and how geolocation and residential greenness may modulate this association.MethodsWe used health data from the China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), and meteorological data from the Global Surface Summary of Day (GSOD) product by National Climate Data Center. We used a case-crossover study design with distributed nonlinear modeling to estimate mortality risks in relation to temperature, and stratified analysis by quartile of greenness. Greenness was estimated by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from remote-sensed imagery. In addition to the national analysis, we also assessed three provinces (Jiangsu, Guangdong, and Liaoning) to examine differences by climatic regions.ResultsExtreme temperatures had a significant association with higher mortality, with regional differences. Findings from the national analysis suggest that individuals in the lowest quartile of greenness exposure had a ratio of relative risks (RRR) of 1.38 (0.79, 2.42) for mortality risk on extreme hot days at the 95th percentile compared to those at the 50th percentile, compared to those in the highest quartile, which means those residing in the lowest quartile of greenness had a 38% higher RR than those residing in the highest quartile of greenness, where RR refers to the risk of mortality on days at the 95th percentile of temperature compared to days at the 50th percentile. The RRR for the highest to lowest quartiles of greenness for mortality risk on extreme cold days at the 5th percentile compared to the 50th percentile was 2.08 (0.12, 36.2). In Jiangsu and Guangdong provinces, both the heat effects and cold effects were the lowest in the highest greenness quartile, and the results in Liaoning province were not statistically significant, indicating different regional effects of greenness on modulating the temperature-mortality relationship.DiscussionWe elucidated one pathway through which greenness benefits health by decreasing impact from extreme high temperatures. The effects of greenness differed by climatic regions. Policymakers should consider vegetation in the context of climate change and health.

Dataset Information

Apparent temperature and cause-specific mortality in Copenhagen, Denmark: a case-crossover analysis.

Publications

Apparent temperature and cause-specific mortality in Copenhagen, Denmark: a case-crossover analysis.

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