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Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from food and food products of poultry origin in Germany.

ABSTRACT: During a survey of fresh chicken and turkey meat as well as chicken and turkey meat products for the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates in Germany, 32 (37.2%) of 86 samples were MRSA positive. Twenty-eight of these MRSA isolates belonged to clonal complex 398 (CC398), which is widespread among food-producing animals. These CC398 isolates carried SCCmec elements of type IV or V and exhibited spa type t011, t034, t899, t2346 or t6574 and either the known dru types dt2b, dt6j, dt10a, dt10q, dt11a, dt11v, and dt11ab or the novel dru types dt6m, dt10as, and dt10at. In addition, two MRSA sequence type 9 (ST9) isolates with a type IV SCCmec cassette, spa type t1430, and dru type dt10a as well as single MRSA ST5 and ST1791 isolates with a type III SCCmec cassette, spa type t002, and dru type dt9v were identified. All but two isolates were classified as multiresistant. A wide variety of resistance phenotypes and genotypes were detected. All isolates were negative for the major virulence factors, such as Panton-Valentine leukocidin, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, or exfoliative toxins. In contrast to the MRSA CC398 isolates, the four ST9, ST5, or ST1791 isolates harbored the egc gene cluster for enterotoxin G, I, M, N, O, and U genes. Although the relevance of contamination of fresh poultry meat or poultry products with MRSA is currently unclear, the presence of multiresistant and, in part, enterotoxigenic MRSA emphasizes the need for further studies to elucidate possible health hazards for consumers.

SUBMITTER: Fessler AT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3194878 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from food and food products of poultry origin in Germany.

Fessler Andrea T AT Kadlec Kristina K Hassel Melanie M Hauschild Tomasz T Eidam Christopher C Ehricht Ralf R Monecke Stefan S Schwarz Stefan S

Applied and environmental microbiology 20110701 20

During a survey of fresh chicken and turkey meat as well as chicken and turkey meat products for the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates in Germany, 32 (37.2%) of 86 samples were MRSA positive. Twenty-eight of these MRSA isolates belonged to clonal complex 398 (CC398), which is widespread among food-producing animals. These CC398 isolates carried SCCmec elements of type IV or V and exhibited spa type t011, t034, t899, t2346 or t6574 and either the known dru ty ...[more]

PMID: 21724898

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Project description:Few studies have been conducted on the susceptibility of bacteria to biocides. A total of 182 methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolates collected from healthy or diseased humans and animals in Germany were included in the present study. Sixty-three isolates of animal origin and 119 human isolates were tested for their MICs to eight biocides or heavy metals by the broth microdilution method. The MIC50 and MIC90 values of human and animal isolates were equal or differed by not more than 1 dilution step, and statistical analysis revealed that differences between MICs of human and animal isolates were not significant. However, when taking into account the multilocus sequence type (MLST), a strong tendency (P = 0.054) to higher MICs of silver nitrate was detected for clonal complex 398 (CC398) isolates from humans compared to those from animals. Furthermore, a comparison of MIC values from isolates belonging to different clonal lineages revealed that important human lineages such as CC22 and CC5 exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher MICs for the biocides chlorhexidine, benzethonium chloride, and acriflavine than the main animal lineage sequence type 398 (ST398). Isolates with elevated MIC values were tested for the presence of biocide and heavy metal tolerance-mediating genes by PCR assays, and the following genes were detected: mepA (n [no. of isolates containing the gene] = 44), lmrS (n = 36), norA (n = 35), sepA (n = 22), mco (n = 5), czrC (n = 3), smr (n = 2), copA (n = 1), qacA and/or -B (n = 1), qacG (n = 2), and qacJ (n = 1). However, only for some compounds was a correlation between the presence of a biocide tolerance gene and the level of MIC values detected.IMPORTANCE Biocides play an essential role in controlling the growth of microorganisms and the dissemination of nosocomial pathogens. In this study, we determined the susceptibility of methicillin-resistant and -susceptible S. aureus isolates from humans and animals to various biocides and heavy metal ions and analyzed differences in susceptibilities between important clonal lineages. In addition, the presence of biocide or heavy metal tolerance-mediating genes was investigated. We demonstrated that important human lineages such as CC22 and CC5 had significantly higher MIC values for chlorhexidine, benzethonium chloride, and acriflavine than the main farm animal lineage, ST398. In addition, it was shown that for some combinations of biocides and tolerance genes, significantly higher MICs were detected for carriers. These findings provide new insights into S. aureus biocide and heavy metal tolerance.

Project description:UNLABELLED:Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) was recognized in Europe and worldwide in the late 1990s. Within a decade, several genetically and geographically distinct CA-MRSA lineages carrying the small SCCmec type IV and V genetic elements and the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) emerged around the world. In Europe, the predominant CA-MRSA strain belongs to clonal complex 80 (CC80) and is resistant to kanamycin/amikacin and fusidic acid. CC80 was first reported in 1993 but was relatively rare until the late 1990s. It has since been identified throughout North Africa, the Middle East, and Europe, with recent sporadic reports in sub-Saharan Africa. While strongly associated with skin and soft tissue infections, it is rarely found among asymptomatic carriers. Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) CC80 strains are extremely rare except in sub-Saharan Africa. In the current study, we applied whole-genome sequencing to a global collection of both MSSA and MRSA CC80 isolates. Phylogenetic analyses strongly suggest that the European epidemic CA-MRSA lineage is derived from a PVL-positive MSSA ancestor from sub-Saharan Africa. Moreover, the tree topology suggests a single acquisition of both the SCCmec element and a plasmid encoding the fusidic acid resistance determinant. Four canonical SNPs distinguish the derived CA-MRSA lineage and include a nonsynonymous mutation in accessory gene regulator C (agrC). These changes were associated with a star-like expansion into Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa in the early 1990s, including multiple cases of cross-continent imports likely driven by human migrations. IMPORTANCE:With increasing levels of CA-MRSA reported from most parts of the Western world, there is a great interest in understanding the origin and factors associated with the emergence of these epidemic lineages. To trace the origin, evolution, and dissemination pattern of the European CA-MRSA clone (CC80), we sequenced a global collection of strains of the S. aureus CC80 lineage. Our study determined that a single descendant of a PVL-positive methicillin-sensitive ancestor circulating in sub-Saharan Africa rose to become the dominant CA-MRSA clone in Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. In the transition from a methicillin-susceptible lineage to a successful CA-MRSA clone, it simultaneously became resistant to fusidic acid, a widely used antibiotic for skin and soft tissue infections, thus demonstrating the importance of antibiotic selection in the success of this clone. This finding furthermore highlights the significance of horizontal gene acquisitions and underscores the combined importance of these factors for the success of CA-MRSA.

Dataset Information

Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from food and food products of poultry origin in Germany.

Publications

Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from food and food products of poultry origin in Germany.

Similar Datasets

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