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Taurine-containing uridine modifications in tRNA anticodons are required to decipher non-universal genetic codes in ascidian mitochondria.

ABSTRACT: Variations in the genetic code are found frequently in mitochondrial decoding systems. Four non-universal genetic codes are employed in ascidian mitochondria: AUA for Met, UGA for Trp, and AGA/AGG(AGR) for Gly. To clarify the decoding mechanism for the non-universal genetic codes, we isolated and analyzed mitochondrial tRNAs for Trp, Met, and Gly from an ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi. Mass spectrometric analysis identified 5-taurinomethyluridine (?m(5)U) at the anticodon wobble positions of tRNA(Met)(AUR), tRNA(Trp)(UGR), and tRNA(Gly)(AGR), suggesting that ?m(5)U plays a critical role in the accurate deciphering of all four non-universal codes by preventing the misreading of pyrimidine-ending near-cognate codons (NNY) in their respective family boxes. Acquisition of the wobble modification appears to be a prerequisite for the genetic code alteration.

SUBMITTER: Suzuki T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3195572 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Taurine-containing uridine modifications in tRNA anticodons are required to decipher non-universal genetic codes in ascidian mitochondria.

Suzuki Takeo T   Miyauchi Kenjyo K   Suzuki Tsutomu T   Yokobori Shin-Ichi SI   Shigi Naoki N   Kondow Akiko A   Takeuchi Nono N   Yamagishi Akihiko A   Watanabe Kimitsuna K  

The Journal of biological chemistry 20110826 41

Variations in the genetic code are found frequently in mitochondrial decoding systems. Four non-universal genetic codes are employed in ascidian mitochondria: AUA for Met, UGA for Trp, and AGA/AGG(AGR) for Gly. To clarify the decoding mechanism for the non-universal genetic codes, we isolated and analyzed mitochondrial tRNAs for Trp, Met, and Gly from an ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi. Mass spectrometric analysis identified 5-taurinomethyluridine (τm(5)U) at the anticodon wobble positions of tRNA  ...[more]

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