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Comparative proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the urine of reservoir hosts of leptospirosis.

ABSTRACT: Rattus norvegicus is a natural reservoir host for pathogenic species of Leptospira. Experimentally infected rats remain clinically normal, yet persistently excrete large numbers of leptospires from colonized renal tubules via urine, despite a specific host immune response. Whilst persistent renal colonization and shedding is facilitated in part by differential antigen expression by leptospires to evade host immune responses, there is limited understanding of kidney and urinary proteins expressed by the host that facilitates such biological equilibrium. Urine pellets were collected from experimentally infected rats shedding leptospires and compared to urine from non-infected controls spiked with in vitro cultivated leptospires for analysis by 2-D DIGE. Differentially expressed host proteins include membrane metallo endopeptidase, napsin A aspartic peptidase, vacuolar H+ATPase, kidney aminopeptidase and immunoglobulin G and A. Loa22, a virulence factor of Leptospira, as well as the GroEL, were increased in leptospires excreted in urine compared to in vitro cultivated leptospires. Urinary IgG from infected rats was specific for leptospires. Results confirm differential protein expression by both host and pathogen during chronic disease and include markers of kidney function and immunoglobulin which are potential biomarkers of infection.

SUBMITTER: Nally JE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3197145 | biostudies-literature | 2011

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Comparative proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the urine of reservoir hosts of leptospirosis.

Nally Jarlath E JE Monahan Avril M AM Miller Ian S IS Bonilla-Santiago Ruben R Souda Puneet P Whitelegge Julian P JP

PloS one 20111017 10

Rattus norvegicus is a natural reservoir host for pathogenic species of Leptospira. Experimentally infected rats remain clinically normal, yet persistently excrete large numbers of leptospires from colonized renal tubules via urine, despite a specific host immune response. Whilst persistent renal colonization and shedding is facilitated in part by differential antigen expression by leptospires to evade host immune responses, there is limited understanding of kidney and urinary proteins expressed ...[more]

PMID: 22043303

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Project description:A large number of previous clinical studies have reported a delayed graft function for brain dead donors, when compared with living relatives or cadaveric organ transplantations. However, there is no accurate method for the quality evaluation of kidneys from brain?dead donors. In the present study, two?dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI?TOF MS?based comparative proteomic analysis were conducted to profile the differentially?expressed proteins between brain death and the control group renal tissues. A total of 40 age? and sex?matched rabbits were randomly divided into donation following brain death (DBD) and control groups. Following the induction of brain death via intracranial progressive pressure, the renal function and the morphological alterations were measured 2, 6 and 8 h afterwards. The differentially expressed proteins were detected from renal histological evidence at 6 h following brain death. Although 904±19 protein spots in control groups and 916±25 in DBD groups were identified in the two?dimensional gel electrophoresis, >2?fold alterations were identified by MALDI?TOF MS and searched by NCBI database. The authors successfully acquired five downregulated proteins, these were: Prohibitin (isoform CRA_b), beta-1,3?N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1, Annexin A5, superoxide dismutase (mitochondrial) and cytochrome b?c1 complex subunit 1 (mitochondrial precursor). Conversely, the other five upregulated proteins were: PRP38 pre?mRNA processing factor 38 (yeast) domain containing A, calcineurin subunit B type 1, V?type proton ATPase subunit G 1, NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 and peroxiredoxin?3 (mitochondrial). Immunohistochemical results revealed that the expressions of prohibitin (PHB) were gradually increased in a time?dependent manner. The results indicated that there were alterations in levels of several proteins in the kidneys of those with brain death, even if the primary function and the morphological changes were not obvious. PHB may therefore be a novel biomarker for primary quality evaluation of kidneys from brain?dead donors.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Viral and bacterial diseases can cause mass mortalities in commercial shrimp aquaculture. In contrast to studies on the antiviral response, the responses of shrimps to bacterial infections by high throughput techniques have been reported only at the transcriptional level and not at the translational level. In this study, a proteomic analysis of shrimp hemocytes to identify differentially expressed proteins in response to a luminous bacterium Vibrio harveyi was evaluated for its feasibility and is reported for the first time. RESULTS:The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) patterns of the hemocyte proteins from the unchallenged and V. harveyi challenged shrimp, Penaeus monodon, at 24 and 48 h post infection were compared. From this, 27 differentially expressed protein spots, and a further 12 weakly to non-differentially regulated control spots, were selected for further analyses by the LC-ESI-MS/MS. The 21 differentially expressed proteins that could be identified by homologous annotation were comprised of proteins that are directly involved in the host defense responses, such as hemocyanin, prophenoloxidase, serine proteinase-like protein, heat shock protein 90 and alpha-2-macroglobulin, and those involved in signal transduction, such as the14-3-3 protein epsilon and calmodulin. Western blot analysis confirmed the up-regulation of hemocyanin expression upon bacterial infection. The expression of the selected proteins which were the representatives of the down-regulated proteins (the 14-3-3 protein epsilon and alpha-2-macroglobulin) and of the up-regulated proteins (hemocyanin) was further assessed at the transcription level using real-time RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS:This work suggests the usefulness of a proteomic approach to the study of shrimp immunity and revealed hemocyte proteins whose expression were up regulated upon V. harveyi infection such as hemocyanin, arginine kinase and down regulated such as alpha-2-macroglobulin, calmodulin and 14-3-3 protein epsilon. The information is useful for understanding the immune system of shrimp against pathogenic bacteria.

Dataset Information

Comparative proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the urine of reservoir hosts of leptospirosis.

Publications

Comparative proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the urine of reservoir hosts of leptospirosis.

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