Dataset Information

Prolyl 4-hydroxylase genes are subjected to alternative splicing in roots of maize seedlings under waterlogging.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In animals, prolyl 4-hydroxylases (P4Hs) are regarded as oxygen sensors under hypoxia stress, but little is known about their role in the response to waterlogging in maize. METHODS: A comprehensive genome-wide analysis of P4H genes of maize (zmP4H genes) was carried out, including gene structures, phylogeny, protein motifs, chromosomal locations and expression patterns under waterlogging. KEY RESULTS: Nine zmP4H genes were identified in maize, of which five were alternatively spliced into at least 19 transcripts. Different alternative splicing (AS) events were revealed in different inbred lines, even for the same gene, possibly because of organ and developmental specificities or different stresses. The signal strength of splice sites was strongly correlated with selection of donor and receptor sites, and ambiguous junction sites due to small direct repeats at the exon/intron junction frequently resulted in the selection of unconventional splicing sites. Eleven out of 14 transcripts resulting from AS harboured a premature termination codon, rendering them potential candidates for nonsense-mediated RNA degradation. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) indicated that zmP4H genes displayed different expression patterns under waterlogging. The diverse transcripts generated from AS were expressed at different levels, suggesting that zmP4H genes were under specific control by post-transcriptional regulation under waterlogging stress in the line HZ32. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide a framework for future dissection of the function of the emerging zmP4H family and suggest that AS might have an important role in the regulation of the expression profile of this gene family under waterlogging stress.

SUBMITTER: Zou X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3197451 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Prolyl 4-hydroxylase genes are subjected to alternative splicing in roots of maize seedlings under waterlogging.

Zou Xiling X Jiang Yuanyuan Y Zheng Yonglian Y Zhang Meidong M Zhang Zuxin Z

Annals of botany 20111003 7

<h4>Background</h4>In animals, prolyl 4-hydroxylases (P4Hs) are regarded as oxygen sensors under hypoxia stress, but little is known about their role in the response to waterlogging in maize.<h4>Methods</h4>A comprehensive genome-wide analysis of P4H genes of maize (zmP4H genes) was carried out, including gene structures, phylogeny, protein motifs, chromosomal locations and expression patterns under waterlogging.<h4>Key results</h4>Nine zmP4H genes were identified in maize, of which five were al ...[more]

PMID: 21969257

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Project description:BackgroundPlants respond to low oxygen stress, particularly that caused by waterlogging, by altering transcription and translation. Previous studies have mostly focused on revealing the mechanism of the response at the early stage, and there is limited information about the transcriptional profile of genes in maize roots at the late stage of waterlogging. The genetic basis of waterlogging tolerance is largely unknown. In this study, the transcriptome at the late stage of waterlogging was assayed in root cells of the tolerant inbred line HZ32, using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). A forward SSH library using RNA populations from four time points (12 h, 16 h, 20 h and 24 h) after waterlogging treatment was constructed to reveal up-regulated genes, and transcriptional and linkage data was integrated to identify candidate genes for waterlogging tolerance.ResultsReverse Northern analysis of a set of 768 cDNA clones from the SSH library revealed a large number of genes were up-regulated by waterlogging. A total of 465 ESTs were assembled into 296 unigenes. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the genes were involved in complex pathways, such as signal transduction, protein degradation, ion transport, carbon and amino acid metabolism, and transcriptional and translational regulation, and might play important roles at the late stage of the response to waterlogging. A significant number of unigenes were of unknown function. Approximately 67% of the unigenes could be aligned on the maize genome and 63 of them were co-located within reported QTLs.ConclusionThe late response to waterlogging in maize roots involves a broad spectrum of genes, which are mainly associated with two response processes: defense at the early stage and adaption at the late stage. Signal transduction plays a key role in activating genes related to the tolerance mechanism for survival during prolonged waterlogging. The crosstalk between carbon and amino acid metabolism reveals that amino acid metabolism performs two main roles at the late stage: the regulation of cytoplasmic pH and energy supply through breakdown of the carbon skeleton.

Project description:Melatonin regulates defense responses in plants under environmental stress. This study aimed to explore the impact of exogenous melatonin on the phenotype and physiology of 'BM1' pumpkin seedlings subjected to waterlogging stress. Waterlogging stress was induced following foliar spraying of melatonin at various concentrations (CK, 0, 10, 100, 200, and 300 μmol·L-1). The growth parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, antioxidant enzyme activity, osmoregulatory substance levels, and other physiological indicators were assessed to elucidate the physiological mechanisms underlying the role of exogenous melatonin in mitigating waterlogging stress in pumpkin seedlings. The results indicate that pumpkin seedlings exhibit waterlogging symptoms, such as leaf wilting, water loss, edge chlorosis, and fading, under waterlogging stress conditions. Various growth indicators of the seedlings, including plant height, stem diameter, root length, fresh and dry weight, and leaf chlorophyll content, were significantly reduced. Moreover, the MDA content in leaves and roots increased significantly, along with elevated activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and soluble protein contents. When different concentrations of melatonin were sprayed on the leaves post waterlogging stress treatment, pumpkin seedlings showed varying degrees of recovery, with the 100 μmol·L-1 treatment displaying the best growth status and plant morphological phenotypes. There were no significant differences compared to the control group. Seedling growth indicators, chlorophyll content, root activity, antioxidant enzyme activities, soluble protein content, and osmotic adjustment substance content all increased to varying degrees with increasing melatonin concentration, peaking at 100 μmol·L-1. Melatonin also reduced membrane damage caused by oxidative stress and alleviated osmotic imbalance. Exogenous melatonin enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and systems involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species, with 100 μmol·L-1 as the optimal concentration. These findings underscore the crucial role of exogenous melatonin in alleviating waterlogging stress in pumpkins. The findings of this study offer a theoretical framework and technical assistance for cultivating waterlogging-resistant pumpkins in practical settings. Additionally, it establishes a theoretical groundwork for the molecular breeding of pumpkins with increased tolerance to waterlogging.

Dataset Information

Prolyl 4-hydroxylase genes are subjected to alternative splicing in roots of maize seedlings under waterlogging.

Publications

Prolyl 4-hydroxylase genes are subjected to alternative splicing in roots of maize seedlings under waterlogging.

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