Ethnic and geographic variation in stroke mortality trends.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Gillum RF
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3202033 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Nov
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Ethnic and geographic variation in stroke mortality trends.
Gillum Richard F RF Kwagyan John J Obisesan Thomas O TO
Stroke 20110922 11
<h4>Background and purpose</h4>Magnitude, geographic, and ethnic variation in trends in stroke within the United States require updating for health services and health disparities research.<h4>Methods</h4>Data for stroke were analyzed from the US mortality files for 1999 to 2007. Age-adjusted death rates were computed for non-Hispanic African Americans and European Americans aged ≥45 years.<h4>Results</h4>Between 1999 and 2007, the age-adjusted death rate per 100,000 for stroke declined both in ...[more]
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Project description:ImportanceSubstance use disorders, including alcohol use disorders and drug use disorders, and intentional injuries, including self-harm and interpersonal violence, are important causes of early death and disability in the United States.ObjectiveTo estimate age-standardized mortality rates by county from alcohol use disorders, drug use disorders, self-harm, and interpersonal violence in the United States.Design and settingValidated small-area estimation models were applied to deidentified death records from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and population counts from the US Census Bureau, NCHS, and the Human Mortality Database to estimate county-level mortality rates from 1980 to 2014 for alcohol use disorders, drug use disorders, self-harm, and interpersonal violence.ExposuresCounty of residence.Main outcomes and measuresAge-standardized mortality rates by US county (N = 3110), year, sex, and cause.ResultsBetween 1980 and 2014, there were 2 848 768 deaths due to substance use disorders and intentional injuries recorded in the United States. Mortality rates from alcohol use disorders (n = 256 432), drug use disorders (n = 542 501), self-harm (n = 1 289 086), and interpersonal violence (n = 760 749) varied widely among counties. Mortality rates decreased for alcohol use disorders, self-harm, and interpersonal violence at the national level between 1980 and 2014; however, over the same period, the percentage of counties in which mortality rates increased for these causes was 65.4% for alcohol use disorders, 74.6% for self-harm, and 6.6% for interpersonal violence. Mortality rates from drug use disorders increased nationally and in every county between 1980 and 2014, but the relative increase varied from 8.2% to 8369.7%. Relative and absolute geographic inequalities in mortality, as measured by comparing the 90th and 10th percentile among counties, decreased for alcohol use disorders and interpersonal violence but increased substantially for drug use disorders and self-harm between 1980 and 2014.Conclusions and relevanceMortality due to alcohol use disorders, drug use disorders, self-harm, and interpersonal violence varied widely among US counties, both in terms of levels of mortality and trends. These estimates may be useful to inform efforts to target prevention, diagnosis, and treatment to improve health and reduce inequalities.
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