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Structural characterization of heparins from different commercial sources.

ABSTRACT: Seven commercial heparin active pharmaceutical ingredients and one commercial low molecular weight from different manufacturers were characterized with a view profiling their physicochemical properties. All heparins had similar molecular weight properties as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (M(N), 10-11 kDa; M(W), 13-14 kDa; polydispersity (PD), 1.3-1.4) and by size exclusion chromatography (M(N), 14-16 kDa; M (W), 21-25 kDa; PD, 1.4-1.6). one-dimensional (1)H- and (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) evaluation of the heparin samples was performed, and peaks were fully assigned using two-dimensional NMR. The percentage of glucosamine residues with 3-O-sulfo groups and the percentage of N-sulfo groups and N-acetyl groups ranged from 5.8-7.9%, 78-82%, to 13-14%, respectively. There was substantial variability observed in the disaccharide composition, as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-mass spectral analysis of heparin lyase I-III digested heparins. Heparin oligosaccharide mapping was performed using HPLC following separate treatments with heparin lyase I, II, and III. These maps were useful in qualitatively and quantitatively identifying structural differences between these heparins. The binding affinities of these heparins to antithrombin III and thrombin were evaluated by using a surface plasmon resonance competitive binding assay. This study provides the physicochemical and activity characterization necessary for the appropriate design and synthesis of a generic bioengineered heparin.

SUBMITTER: Zhang F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3205190 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Structural characterization of heparins from different commercial sources.

Zhang Fuming F Yang Bo B Ly Mellisa M Solakyildirim Kemal K Xiao Zhongping Z Wang Zhenyu Z Beaudet Julie M JM Torelli Amanda Y AY Dordick Jonathan S JS Linhardt Robert J RJ

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 20110920 9

Seven commercial heparin active pharmaceutical ingredients and one commercial low molecular weight from different manufacturers were characterized with a view profiling their physicochemical properties. All heparins had similar molecular weight properties as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (M(N), 10-11 kDa; M(W), 13-14 kDa; polydispersity (PD), 1.3-1.4) and by size exclusion chromatography (M(N), 14-16 kDa; M (W), 21-25 kDa; PD, 1.4-1.6). one-dimensional (1)H- and (13)C-nuclear ...[more]

PMID: 21931955

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Project description:This study aimed to provide an overview of the interconnections between biosecurity, health, welfare, and performance in commercial pig farms in Great Britain. We collected on-farm data about the level of biosecurity and animal performance in 40 fattening pig farms and 28 breeding pig farms between 2015 and 2016. We identified interconnections between these data, slaughterhouse health indicators, and welfare indicator records in fattening pig farms. After achieving the connections between databases, a secondary data analysis was performed to assess the interconnections between biosecurity, health, welfare, and performance using correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and hierarchical clustering. Although we could connect the different data sources the final sample size was limited, suggesting room for improvement in database connection to conduct secondary data analyses. The farm biosecurity scores ranged from 40 to 90 out of 100, with internal biosecurity scores being lower than external biosecurity scores. Our analysis suggested several interconnections between health, welfare, and performance. The initial correlation analysis showed that the prevalence of lameness and severe tail lesions was associated with the prevalence of enzootic pneumonia-like lesions and pyaemia, and the prevalence of severe body marks was associated with several disease indicators, including peritonitis and milk spots (r?>?0.3; P?<?0.05). Higher average daily weight gain (ADG) was associated with lower prevalence of pleurisy (r?>?0.3; P?<?0.05), but no connection was identified between mortality and health indicators. A subsequent cluster analysis enabled identification of patterns which considered concurrently indicators of health, welfare, and performance. Farms from cluster 1 had lower biosecurity scores, lower ADG, and higher prevalence of several disease and welfare indicators. Farms from cluster 2 had higher biosecurity scores than cluster 1, but a higher prevalence of pigs requiring hospitalization and lameness which confirmed the correlation between biosecurity and the prevalence of pigs requiring hospitalization (r?>?0.3; P?<?0.05). Farms from cluster 3 had higher biosecurity, higher ADG, and lower prevalence for some disease and welfare indicators. The study suggests a smaller impact of biosecurity on issues such as mortality, prevalence of lameness, and pig requiring hospitalization. The correlations and the identified clusters suggested the importance of animal welfare for the pig industry.

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Structural characterization of heparins from different commercial sources.

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Structural characterization of heparins from different commercial sources.

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