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Oscillatory protein expression dynamics endows stem cells with robust differentiation potential.

ABSTRACT: The lack of understanding of stem cell differentiation and proliferation is a fundamental problem in developmental biology. Although gene regulatory networks (GRNs) for stem cell differentiation have been partially identified, the nature of differentiation dynamics and their regulation leading to robust development remain unclear. Herein, using a dynamical system modeling cell approach, we performed simulations of the developmental process using all possible GRNs with a few genes, and screened GRNs that could generate cell type diversity through cell-cell interactions. We found that model stem cells that both proliferated and differentiated always exhibited oscillatory expression dynamics, and the differentiation frequency of such stem cells was regulated, resulting in a robust number distribution. Moreover, we uncovered the common regulatory motifs for stem cell differentiation, in which a combination of regulatory motifs that generated oscillatory expression dynamics and stabilized distinct cellular states played an essential role. These findings may explain the recently observed heterogeneity and dynamic equilibrium in cellular states of stem cells, and can be used to predict regulatory networks responsible for differentiation in stem cell systems.

SUBMITTER: Suzuki N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3207845 | biostudies-literature | 2011

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Oscillatory protein expression dynamics endows stem cells with robust differentiation potential.

Suzuki Narito N Furusawa Chikara C Kaneko Kunihiko K

PloS one 20111103 11

The lack of understanding of stem cell differentiation and proliferation is a fundamental problem in developmental biology. Although gene regulatory networks (GRNs) for stem cell differentiation have been partially identified, the nature of differentiation dynamics and their regulation leading to robust development remain unclear. Herein, using a dynamical system modeling cell approach, we performed simulations of the developmental process using all possible GRNs with a few genes, and screened G ...[more]

PMID: 22073296

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Project description:BACKGROUND:The differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into osteoblasts (OBs) is a prerequisite for bone formation. However, little is known about the definitive surface markers for OBs during osteogenesis. METHODS:To study the surface markers on OBs, we generated and used monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against surface molecules on transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?1)-treated cancer cells. The generated MAbs were further selected toward expression changes on hMSCs cultured with TGF-?1/bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) or osteogenic differentiation medium (ODM) by flow cytometry. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were performed to identify target antigens of selected MAbs. Expression changes of the target antigens were evaluated in hMSCs, human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs), and human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and flow cytometry. hMSCs were also sorted by the MAbs using magnetic-activated cell sorting system, and osteogenic potential of sorted cells was evaluated via Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining and qPCR. RESULTS:The binding reactivity of MR14-E5, one of the MAbs, was downregulated in hMSCs with ODM while the binding reactivity of ER7-A7, ER7-A8, and MR1-B1 MAbs was upregulated. Mass spectrometry and overexpression identified that MR14-E5, ER7-A7/ER7-A8, and MR1-B1 recognized integrin ?2, ?3, and ?V, respectively. Upon osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs, the expression of integrin ?2 was drastically downregulated, but the expression of integrin ?3 and ?V was upregulated in accordance with upregulation of osteogenic markers. Expression of integrin ?3 and ?V was also upregulated in hPDLCs and hDPCs during osteogenic differentiation. Cell sorting showed that integrin ?V-high hMSCs have a greater osteogenic potential than integrin ?V-low hMSCs upon the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Cell sorting further revealed that the surface expression of integrin ?V is more dramatically induced even in integrin ?V-low hMSCs. CONCLUSION:These findings suggest that integrin ?3 and ?V induction is a good indicator of OB differentiation. These findings also shed insight into the expression dynamics of integrins upon osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs and provide the reason why different integrin ligands are required for OB differentiation of hMSCs.

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Oscillatory protein expression dynamics endows stem cells with robust differentiation potential.

Publications

Oscillatory protein expression dynamics endows stem cells with robust differentiation potential.

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