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Cell entry of one-dimensional nanomaterials occurs by tip recognition and rotation.

ABSTRACT: Materials with high aspect ratio, such as carbon nanotubes and asbestos fibres, have been shown to cause length-dependent toxicity in certain cells because these long materials prevent complete ingestion and this frustrates the cell. Biophysical models have been proposed to explain how spheres and elliptical nanostructures enter cells, but one-dimensional nanomaterials have not been examined. Here, we show experimentally and theoretically that cylindrical one-dimensional nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes enter cells through the tip first. For nanotubes with end caps or carbon shells at their tips, uptake involves tip recognition through receptor binding, rotation that is driven by asymmetric elastic strain at the tube-bilayer interface, and near-vertical entry. The precise angle of entry is governed by the relative timescales for tube rotation and receptor diffusion. Nanotubes without caps or shells on their tips show a different mode of membrane interaction, posing an interesting question as to whether modifying the tips of tubes may help avoid frustrated uptake by cells.

SUBMITTER: Shi X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3215144 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cell entry of one-dimensional nanomaterials occurs by tip recognition and rotation.

Shi Xinghua X von dem Bussche Annette A Hurt Robert H RH Kane Agnes B AB Gao Huajian H

Nature nanotechnology 20110918 11

Materials with high aspect ratio, such as carbon nanotubes and asbestos fibres, have been shown to cause length-dependent toxicity in certain cells because these long materials prevent complete ingestion and this frustrates the cell. Biophysical models have been proposed to explain how spheres and elliptical nanostructures enter cells, but one-dimensional nanomaterials have not been examined. Here, we show experimentally and theoretically that cylindrical one-dimensional nanomaterials such as ca ...[more]

PMID: 21926979

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Project description:ImportanceSocial perception by laypersons of people who have undergone rhinoplasty primarily for cosmetic purposes has not been fully described.ObjectiveTo evaluate the social perception of patients who have undergone cosmetic rhinoplasty.Design, setting, and participantsPreoperative images of 4 patients with dorsal hump and tip ptosis were selected using the Delphi method. Computer simulations of dorsal hump reduction and tip rotation, alone or in combination, were performed. Using the Qualtrics internet-based survey platform, laypersons blinded to the purpose of the study viewed randomized original and simulated images and estimated the age, approachability, perceived success, overall health, intelligence, and rated their attractiveness on a visual analog scale from 0 to 100.Main outcomes and measuresComparison of responses (mean [SD] score) for each of the 3 types of simulated image against the original image employing a pairwise comparison of means (Dunnett test).ResultsAfter excluding 27 (4%) invalid responses, a total of 813 respondents (593 women and 220 men) were included in the study. The mean (SD) age was 44.6 (16.2) years. A total of 628 (77%) respondents were white and the observed highest level of education was a bachelor's degree (193 [24%]) or having attended college but without a diploma (194 [24%]). A significant age reduction (31 [10] years; 95% CI, -2.5 to 0; P?=?.04) and an increase in approachability (64 [22]; 95% CI, 0.7-5.8; P?=?.009), attractiveness (60 [22]; 95% CI, 4.0-9.4; P?<?.001), and health (70 [19]; 95% CI, 0.7-5.2; P?=?.006) for the simulation involving hump reduction was observed. When combined simulation of dorsum and tip rotation were tested, only significant increases in attractiveness (60 [23]; 95% CI, 3.6-9.0; P?<?.001) and health (69 [19]; 95% CI, 0.1-4.6; P?=?.03) were seen. No significant association was found for any of the responses when the tip alone was rotated. The Wilks ? varied slightly below 1.0 showing significant P values (P?<?.05) for all variance and covariance (respondent particulars).Conclusions and relevanceThough rhinoplasty procedures for nasal cosmesis involving both the nasal dorsum and tip were perceived to make a person more attractive and healthier, these results suggest that manipulation of the dorsum is more strongly associated with perception of the nose.Level of evidenceNA.

Dataset Information

Cell entry of one-dimensional nanomaterials occurs by tip recognition and rotation.

Publications

Cell entry of one-dimensional nanomaterials occurs by tip recognition and rotation.

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