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Polyphenol-rich sweet potato greens extract inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

ABSTRACT: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) leaves or greens, extensively consumed as a vegetable in Africa and Asia, are an excellent source of dietary polyphenols such as anthocyanins and phenolic acids. Here, we show that sweet potato greens extract (SPGE) has the maximum polyphenol content compared with several commercial vegetables including spinach. The polyphenol-rich SPGE exerts significant antiproliferative activity in a panel of prostate cancer cell lines while sparing normal prostate epithelial cells. Mechanistically, SPGE perturbed cell cycle progression, reduced clonogenic survival, modulated cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory molecules and induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells both in vitro and in vivo. SPGE-induced apoptosis has a mitochondrially mediated component, which was attenuated by pretreatment with cyclosporin A. We also observed alterations of apoptosis regulatory molecules such as inactivation of Bcl2, upregulation of BAX, cytochrome c release and activation of downstream apoptotic signaling. SPGE caused DNA degradation as evident by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining of increased concentration of 3'-DNA ends. Furthermore, apoptotic induction was caspase dependent as shown by cleavage of caspase substrate, poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase. Oral administration of 400 mg/kg SPGE remarkably inhibited growth and progression of prostate tumor xenografts by ?69% in nude mice, as shown by tumor volume measurements and non-invasive real-time bioluminescent imaging. Most importantly, SPGE did not cause any detectable toxicity to rapidly dividing normal tissues such as gut and bone marrow. This is the first report to demonstrate the in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of sweet potato greens in prostate cancer.

SUBMITTER: Karna P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3220609 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Polyphenol-rich sweet potato greens extract inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

Karna Prasanthi P Gundala Sushma R SR Gupta Meenakshi V MV Shamsi Shahab A SA Pace Ralphenia D RD Yates Clayton C Narayan Satya S Aneja Ritu R

Carcinogenesis 20110926 12

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) leaves or greens, extensively consumed as a vegetable in Africa and Asia, are an excellent source of dietary polyphenols such as anthocyanins and phenolic acids. Here, we show that sweet potato greens extract (SPGE) has the maximum polyphenol content compared with several commercial vegetables including spinach. The polyphenol-rich SPGE exerts significant antiproliferative activity in a panel of prostate cancer cell lines while sparing normal prostate epithelial ce ...[more]

PMID: 21948980

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Project description:BackgroundG protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor for bile acids, which is widely expressed in many human tissues. Patchouli alcohol (PA) has been shown to have an anti-cancer effect, including in prostate cancer (PCa). This study sought to confirm the regulatory mechanism of GPBAR1 in the anti-cancer activity of PA in PCa.MethodsThe SwissTargetPrediction website (Pro >0) was used to predict the target of PA. The UALCAN and The Cancer Genome Atlas-Prostate cohort was used to examine the differentially expressed genes and PCa recurrence. A gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to analyze the relationship between the expression of GPBAR1 and PCa proliferation, migration, and invasion. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed by colony formation, 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining, cell scratch assays, and Transwell invasion assays, respectively. A xenograft animal model was established to assess the effect of PA on tumor growth in vivo. GPBAR1 protein and apoptosis related protein expression was measured by western blot.ResultsGPBAR1 was a PA target predicted by the SwissTargetPrediction website. PA inhibited the expression of GPBAR1 in PCa cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The abnormal expression of GPBAR1 was related to cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Additionally, GPBAR1 overexpression promoted the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and inhibited the apoptosis of PCa cells. GPBAR1 silencing inhibited the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted the apoptosis of PCa cells. High expressions of GPBAR1 suppressed tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. Further, GPBAR1 promoted the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, and PA regulated the malignant phenotypes of PCa cells via the NF-κB signaling pathway mediated by GPBAR1.ConclusionsGPBAR1 is a promising drug target of PA, and was shown to regulate the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of PCa cells through GPBAR1/NF-κB inhibition.

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Polyphenol-rich sweet potato greens extract inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

Publications

Polyphenol-rich sweet potato greens extract inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

Similar Datasets

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