Density of human bone marrow stromal cells regulates commitment to vascular lineages.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Whyte JL
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3223522 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:IntroductionAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy caused by various genetic alterations and characterized by the accumulation of immature myeloid blasts in the bone marrow (BM). This abnormal growth of AML cells disrupts normal hematopoiesis and alters the BM microenvironment components, establishing a niche supportive of leukemogenesis. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) play a pivotal role in giving rise to essential elements of the BM niche, including adipocytes and osteogenic cells. Animal models have shown that the BM microenvironment is significantly remodeled by AML cells, which skew BMSCs toward an ineffective osteogenic differentiation with an accumulation of osteoprogenitors. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which AML cells affect osteogenesis.MethodsWe studied the effect of AML cells on the osteogenic commitment of normal BMSCs, using a 2D co-culture system.ResultsWe found that AML cell lines and primary blasts, but not normal hematopoietic CD34+ cells, induced in BMSCs an ineffective osteogenic commitment, with an increase of the early-osteogenic marker tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) in the absence of the late-osteogenic gene up-regulation. Moreover, the direct interaction of AML cells and BMSCs was indispensable in influencing osteogenic differentiation. Mechanistic studies identified a role for AML-mediated Notch activation in BMSCs contributing to their ineffective osteogenic commitment. Inhibition of Notch using a γ-secretase inhibitor strongly influenced Notch signaling in BMSCs and abrogated the AML-induced TNAP up-regulation.DiscussionTogether, our data support the hypothesis that AML infiltration produces a leukemia-supportive pre-osteoblast-rich niche in the BM, which can be partially ascribed to AML-induced activation of Notch signaling in BMSCs.
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Project description:BACKGROUND: Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are multipotent cells that support angiogenesis, wound healing, and immunomodulation. In the hematopoietic niche, they nurture hematopoietic cells, leukemia, tumors and metastasis. BMSCs secrete of a wide range of cytokines, growth factors and matrix proteins which contribute to the pro-tumorigenic marrow microenvironment. The inflammatory cytokines IFN-? and TNF-? change the BMSC secretome and we hypothesized that factors produced by tumors or leukemia would also affect the BMSC secretome and investigated the interaction of leukemia cells with BMSCs. METHODS: BMSCs from healthy subjects were co-cultured with three myeloid leukemia cell lines (TF-1, TF-1? and K562) using a trans-well system. Following co-culture, the BMSCs and leukemia cells were analyzed by global gene expression analysis and culture supernatants were analyzed for protein expression. As a control, CD34+ cells were also cocultured with BMSCs. RESULTS: Co-culture induced leukemia cell gene expression changes in stem cell pluripotency, TGF-? signaling and carcinoma signaling pathways. BMSCs co-cultured with leukemia cells up-regulated a number of proinflammatory genes including IL-17 signaling-related genes and IL-8 and CCL2 levels were increased in co-culture supernatants. In contrast, purine metabolism, mTOR signaling and EIF2 signaling pathways genes were up-regulated in BMSCs co-cultured with CD34+ cells. CONCLUSIONS: BMSCs react to the presence of leukemia cells undergoing changes in the cytokine and chemokine secretion profiles. Thus, BMSCs and leukemia cells both contribute to the creation of a competitive niche more favorable for leukemia stem cells.
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