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Activation of human vascular cells decreases their expression of transforming growth factor-beta.

ABSTRACT: Despite pro-fibrotic effects, transforming growth factor (TGF)-? prevents arteriosclerosis by suppressing effector leukocytes and promoting smooth muscle differentiation. However, previous observations of increased TGF-? expression in arteriosclerotic plaques are not consistent with that of an effective protective factor. We investigated the expression, regulation, and responses of TGF-? in human arterial tissues and cells.The expression of TGF-? by intrinsic vascular cells was lower in arteriosclerotic than non-diseased coronary arteries. Activation of resident and infiltrating leukocytes did not elicit TGF-? production from coronary artery segments in organ culture. Instead, the basal expression of TGF-? by coronary arteries decreased after vessel procurement and ex vivo culture. Activation of cultured smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells with phorbol ester and ionophore also decreased TGF-? expression. Isolated cell types representing those found in the artery wall were all capable of signaling in response to TGF-?, however production of the cytoprotective molecule, interleukin-11 was cell type-dependent and restricted to smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. Interleukin-11 reduced smooth muscle cell apoptosis to T cell effectors.Inflammation and cellular activation diminish the basal expression of TGF-? by quiescent human vascular cells. Induction of interleukin-11 may contribute to the anti-arteriosclerotic actions of TGF-?.

SUBMITTER: Lebastchi AH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3226933 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Activation of human vascular cells decreases their expression of transforming growth factor-beta.

Lebastchi Amir H AH Qin Lingfeng L Khan Salman F SF Zhou Jing J Geirsson Arnar A Kim Richard W RW Li Wei W Tellides George G

Atherosclerosis 20110805 2

<h4>Objective</h4>Despite pro-fibrotic effects, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β prevents arteriosclerosis by suppressing effector leukocytes and promoting smooth muscle differentiation. However, previous observations of increased TGF-β expression in arteriosclerotic plaques are not consistent with that of an effective protective factor. We investigated the expression, regulation, and responses of TGF-β in human arterial tissues and cells.<h4>Methods and results</h4>The expression of TGF-β by ...[more]

PMID: 21862019

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Adenomyosis is a medical condition defined by the abnormal presence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium, in which fibrosis occurs with new collagen deposition and myofibroblast differentiation. In this study, the effect of several mediators and growth factors on collagen expression was investigated on human endometrial stromal cells (fibroblasts) derived from adenomyotic endometrium. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH:RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, pharmacological interventions and siRNA interference were applied to primary cultured human endometrial stromal cells (fibroblasts). Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze protein expression in adenomyotic endometrium tissue specimens. RESULTS:Of the tested mediators, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and its isoforms were effective to induce collagen and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression. Collagen and CTGF induction by TGFβ1 could be reduced by the inhibitors targeting DNA transcription, protein translation, and Smad2/3 signaling. Interestingly, TGFβ1 induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation and CTGF mRNA expression, but not collagen mRNA expression, suggesting that TGFβ1 mediates collagen expression through CTGF induction and Smad2/3 activation. In parallel, TGFβ1 and CTGF also induced expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 47, a protein required for the synthesis of several types of collagens. However, only CTGF siRNA knockdown, could compromise TGFβ1-induced collagen expression. Finally, the immunohistochemistry revealed vimentin- and α-SMA-positive staining for (myo)fibroblasts, TGFβ1, collagen, and CTGF in the subepithelial stroma region of human adenomyotic endometria. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS:We reveal here that TGFβ1, collagen, and CTGF are expressed in the stroma of adenomyotic endometria and demonstrate that TGFβ1 can induce collagen production in endometrium-derived fibroblasts through cellular Smad2/3-dependent signaling pathway and CTGF expression, suggesting that endometrial TGFβ may take part in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis and ectopic endometrium may participate in uterine adenomyosis.

Project description:Appropriate growth and development of the endometrium across the menstrual cycle is key for a woman's quality of life and reproductive well-being. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) affect a significant proportion of the female population worldwide. These endometrial pathologies have a significant impact on a woman's quality of life as well as placing a high economic burden on a country's health service. An underlying cause for both conditions is unknown in approximately 50% of cases. Previous research has demonstrated that aberrant endometrial vascular maturation is associated with both RPL and HMB, where it is increased in RPL but reduced in HMB. TGFβ1 is one of the key growth factors that regulate vascular maturation, by inducing phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from a synthetic phenotype to a more contractile one. Our previous data demonstrated an increase in TGFβ1 in the endometrium of RPL, while others have shown a decrease in women with HMB. However, TGFβ1 bioavailability is tightly controlled, and we therefore sought to perform an extensive immunohistochemical analysis of different components in the pathway in the endometrium of normal controls, women with HMB or RPL. In addition, two in vitro models were used to examine the role of TGFβ1 in endometrial vascular maturation and endothelial cell (EC):VSMC association. Taken all together, the immunohistochemical data suggest a decrease in bioavailability, receptor binding capacity, and signaling in the endometrium of women with HMB compared with controls. In contrast, there is an increase in the bioavailability of active TGFβ1 in the endometrium of women with RPL compared with controls. Endometrial explants cultured in TGFβ1 had an increase in the number of vessels associated with contractile VSMC markers, although the total number of vessels did not increase. In addition, TGFβ1 increased EC:VSMC association in an in vitro model. In conclusion, TGFβ1 is a key regulator of endometrial vascular maturation and could be considered as a therapeutic target for women suffering from HMB and/or RPL.

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Activation of human vascular cells decreases their expression of transforming growth factor-beta.

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Activation of human vascular cells decreases their expression of transforming growth factor-beta.

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