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Flexible, foldable, actively multiplexed, high-density electrode array for mapping brain activity in vivo.

ABSTRACT: Arrays of electrodes for recording and stimulating the brain are used throughout clinical medicine and basic neuroscience research, yet are unable to sample large areas of the brain while maintaining high spatial resolution because of the need to individually wire each passive sensor at the electrode-tissue interface. To overcome this constraint, we developed new devices that integrate ultrathin and flexible silicon nanomembrane transistors into the electrode array, enabling new dense arrays of thousands of amplified and multiplexed sensors that are connected using fewer wires. We used this system to record spatial properties of cat brain activity in vivo, including sleep spindles, single-trial visual evoked responses and electrographic seizures. We found that seizures may manifest as recurrent spiral waves that propagate in the neocortex. The developments reported here herald a new generation of diagnostic and therapeutic brain-machine interface devices.

SUBMITTER: Viventi J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3235709 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Flexible, foldable, actively multiplexed, high-density electrode array for mapping brain activity in vivo.

Viventi Jonathan J Kim Dae-Hyeong DH Vigeland Leif L Frechette Eric S ES Blanco Justin A JA Kim Yun-Soung YS Avrin Andrew E AE Tiruvadi Vineet R VR Hwang Suk-Won SW Vanleer Ann C AC Wulsin Drausin F DF Davis Kathryn K Gelber Casey E CE Palmer Larry L Van der Spiegel Jan J Wu Jian J Xiao Jianliang J Huang Yonggang Y Contreras Diego D Rogers John A JA Litt Brian B

Nature neuroscience 20111113 12

Arrays of electrodes for recording and stimulating the brain are used throughout clinical medicine and basic neuroscience research, yet are unable to sample large areas of the brain while maintaining high spatial resolution because of the need to individually wire each passive sensor at the electrode-tissue interface. To overcome this constraint, we developed new devices that integrate ultrathin and flexible silicon nanomembrane transistors into the electrode array, enabling new dense arrays of ...[more]

PMID: 22081157

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Project description:BackgroundAbsolute quantification of metabolites in MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) requires a stable reference signal of known concentration. The Electronic REference To access In vivo Concentrations (ERETIC) has shown great promise but has not been applied in patients and 3D MRSI. ERETIC hardware has not been integrated with receive arrays due to technical challenges, such as coil combination and unwanted coupling between multiple ERETIC and receive channels, for which we developed mitigation strategies.PurposeTo develop absolute quantification for whole-brain MRSI in glioma patients.Study typeProspective.PopulationFive healthy volunteers and three patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant glioma (27% female). Calibration and coil loading phantoms.Field strength/sequenceA 3 T; Adiabatic spin-echo spiral 3D MRSI with real-time motion correction, Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR), Gradient Recalled Echo (GRE), Multi-echo Magnetization Prepared Rapid Acquisition of Gradient Echo (MEMPRAGE).AssessmentAbsolute quantification was performed for five brain metabolites (total N-acetyl-aspartate [NAA]/creatine/choline, glutamine + glutamate, myo-inositol) and the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate using a custom-built 4x-ERETIC/8x-receive array coil. Metabolite quantification was performed with both EREIC and internal water reference methods. ERETIC signal was transmitted via optical link and used to correct coil loading. Inductive and radiative coupling between ERETIC and receive channels were measured.Statistical testsERETIC and internal water methods for metabolite quantification were compared using Bland-Altman (BA) analysis and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsERETIC could be integrated in receive arrays and inductive coupling dominated (5-886 times) radiative coupling. Phantoms show proportional scaling of the ERETIC signal with coil loading. The BA analysis demonstrated very good agreement (3.3% ± 1.6%) in healthy volunteers, while there was a large difference (36.1% ± 3.8%) in glioma tumors between metabolite concentrations by ERETIC and internal water quantification.ConclusionOur results indicate that ERETIC integrated with receive arrays and whole-brain MRSI is feasible for brain metabolites quantification. Further validation is required to probe that ERETIC provides more accurate metabolite concentration in glioma patients.Evidence level2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.

Dataset Information

Flexible, foldable, actively multiplexed, high-density electrode array for mapping brain activity in vivo.

Publications

Flexible, foldable, actively multiplexed, high-density electrode array for mapping brain activity in vivo.

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