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Mid-gestational maternal free thyroxine concentration and offspring neurocognitive development at age two years.

ABSTRACT: Lower neurocognitive development scores at age 2 yr have been reported in association with euthyroid hypothyroxinemia during early pregnancy.The objective of this study was to further explore this association with euthyroid hypothyroxinemia during early pregnancy.This was an observational, nested case-control study.The study was conducted at physician offices and prenatal clinics throughout Maine.Between May 2004 and March 2006, TSH was measured in 5734 women in conjunction with second-trimester Down syndrome screening. After completion of pregnancy, free T(4) was measured in stored second-trimester sera from euthyroid women (TSH 0.1-3.5 mIU/ml; n = 5560). Women with free T(4) at the third centile or less (n = 99) were matched with women whose free T(4) was at the 10th to the 90th centile (n = 99).There were no interventions.Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID III) were administered to the 198 offspring at age 2 yr. Scores for cognitive, language, and motor development were compared between matched pairs of offspring from the two groups before and after correcting for relevant variables.Unadjusted BSID-III scores (cognitive, language, and motor) were lower by about 3% at age 2 yr among offspring of 98 hypothyroxinemic women (cases), reaching borderline significance for cognitive and motor scores. After adjustment for gestational age, the child's age at testing, maternal weight, and education, all differences diminished and became nonsignificant. Scores less than 85 were more frequent among case children but did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.14).Isolated hypothyroxinemia during the second trimester is not associated with significantly lower BSID-III scores at age 2 yr, compared with scores for offspring of matched euthyroxinemic women.

SUBMITTER: Craig WY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3251941 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Mid-gestational maternal free thyroxine concentration and offspring neurocognitive development at age two years.

Craig Wendy Y WY Allan Walter C WC Kloza Edward M EM Pulkkinen Andrea J AJ Waisbren Susan S Spratt Daniel I DI Palomaki Glenn E GE Neveux Louis M LM Haddow James E JE

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 20111026 1

<h4>Context</h4>Lower neurocognitive development scores at age 2 yr have been reported in association with euthyroid hypothyroxinemia during early pregnancy.<h4>Objective</h4>The objective of this study was to further explore this association with euthyroid hypothyroxinemia during early pregnancy.<h4>Design</h4>This was an observational, nested case-control study.<h4>Setting</h4>The study was conducted at physician offices and prenatal clinics throughout Maine.<h4>Study subjects</h4>Between May ...[more]

PMID: 22031521

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Project description:BackgroundVitamin D is critical to embryonic neuronal differentiation and other developmental processes that may affect future neurocognitive function. However, observational studies have found inconsistent associations between gestational vitamin D and neurocognitive outcomes.ObjectivesWe examined the association of gestational 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with children's IQ at 4-6 y, and explored whether associations differed by race.MethodsThis study used data from the CANDLE (Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood) cohort. Between 2006 and 2011, CANDLE recruited 1503 women in their second trimester of healthy singleton pregnancies. Inclusion criteria for this analysis were gestation of ≥34 wk and availability of 25(OH)D and IQ data. Associations between second-trimester 25(OH)D plasma concentration and Stanford-Binet IQ scores in offspring at 4-6 y were examined using multivariable linear regression; interaction terms were used to explore possible effect modification by race.ResultsMean ± SD 25(OH)D concentration among 1019 eligible dyads was 21.6 ± 8.4 ng/mL, measured at a mean ± SD gestational age of 23.0 ± 3.0 wk. Vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL] was observed in 45.6%. Maternal 25(OH)D differed by race with a mean ± SD of 19.8 ± 7.2 ng/mL in Blacks sand 25.9 ± 9.3 ng/mL in Whites ( P < 0.001). In adjusted models a 10-ng/mL increase in 25(OH)D was associated with a 1.17-point higher Full Scale IQ (95% CI: 0.27, 2.06 points), a 1.17-point higher Verbal IQ (95% CI: 0.19, 2.15 points), and a 1.03-point higher Nonverbal IQ (95% CI: 0.10, 1.95 points). We observed no evidence of effect modification by race.ConclusionsSecond-trimester maternal 25(OH)D was positively associated with IQ at 4-6 y, suggesting that gestational vitamin D status may be an important predictor of neurocognitive development. These findings may help inform prenatal nutrition recommendations and may be especially relevant for Black and other dark-skinned women at high risk of vitamin D deficiency.

Dataset Information

Mid-gestational maternal free thyroxine concentration and offspring neurocognitive development at age two years.

Publications

Mid-gestational maternal free thyroxine concentration and offspring neurocognitive development at age two years.

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