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Circadian dependence of infarct size and left ventricular function after ST elevation myocardial infarction.

ABSTRACT: In rodents, infarct size after ischemia/reperfusion exhibits a circadian dependence on the time of coronary occlusion. It is not known if a similar circadian dependence of infarct size occurs in humans.To determine if humans exhibit a circadian dependence of infarct size in the setting of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).A retrospective analysis of 1031 patients with STEMI referred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention with known ischemic times between 1 and 6 hours identified 165 patients with occluded arteries on presentation without evidence of preinfarction angina or collateral blood flow. Both ischemic duration and angiographic area at risk were not dependent on time of infarct onset. We observed that the extent of infarct size measured by creatine kinase release was significantly associated with time of day onset of infarction (P<0.0001). The greatest myocardial injury occurred at 1:00 am onset of ischemia and 5:00 am onset of reperfusion, with the peak creatine kinase measured at the peak of the curve being 82% higher than that recorded at the trough. Similarly, left ventricular ejection fraction measured within 2 days of infarction was also dependent on time of onset of STEMI with the absolute left ventricular ejection fraction at peak >7% higher than at trough (43% vs 51%; P<0.03). These findings were supported by a subgroup of patients (n = 45) who underwent cardiac MRI measurements of infarct size and area-at-risk measurements.The results of this study demonstrate for the first time in humans that myocardial infarct size and left ventricular function after STEMI have a circadian dependence on the time of day onset of ischemia.

SUBMITTER: Reiter R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3253266 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Circadian dependence of infarct size and left ventricular function after ST elevation myocardial infarction.

Reiter Ronald R Swingen Cory C Moore Luke L Henry Timothy D TD Traverse Jay H JH

Circulation research 20111117 1

<h4>Rationale</h4>In rodents, infarct size after ischemia/reperfusion exhibits a circadian dependence on the time of coronary occlusion. It is not known if a similar circadian dependence of infarct size occurs in humans.<h4>Objective</h4>To determine if humans exhibit a circadian dependence of infarct size in the setting of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).<h4>Methods and results</h4>A retrospective analysis of 1031 patients with STEMI referred for primary percutaneous coronary interve ...[more]

PMID: 22095727

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Project description:There are conflicting data on the relationship between the time of symptom onset during the 24-hour cycle (circadian dependence) and infarct size in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Moreover, the impact of this circadian pattern of infarct size on clinical outcomes is unknown. We sought to study the circadian dependence of infarct size and its impact on clinical outcomes in STEMI.We studied 6,710 consecutive patients hospitalized for STEMI from 2006 to 2009 in a tropical climate with non-varying day-night cycles. We categorized the time of symptom onset into four 6-hour intervals: midnight-6:00 A.M., 6:00 A.M.-noon, noon-6:00 P.M. and 6:00 P.M.-midnight. We used peak creatine kinase as a surrogate marker of infarct size.Midnight-6:00 A.M patients had the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus (P = 0.03), more commonly presented with anterior MI (P = 0.03) and received percutaneous coronary intervention less frequently, as compared with other time intervals (P = 0.03). Adjusted mean peak creatine kinase was highest among midnight-6:00 A.M. patients and lowest among 6:00 A.M.-noon patients (2,590.8±2,839.1 IU/L and 2,336.3±2,386.6 IU/L, respectively, P = 0.04). Midnight-6:00 A.M patients were at greatest risk of acute heart failure (P<0.001), 30-day mortality (P = 0.03) and 1-year mortality (P = 0.03), while the converse was observed in 6:00 A.M.-noon patients. After adjusting for diabetes, infarct location and performance of percutaneous coronary intervention, circadian variations in acute heart failure incidence remained strongly significant (P = 0.001).We observed a circadian peak and nadir in infarct size during STEMI onset from midnight-6:00A.M and 6:00A.M.-noon respectively. The peak and nadir incidence of acute heart failure paralleled this circadian pattern. Differences in diabetes prevalence, infarct location and mechanical reperfusion may account partly for the observed circadian pattern of infarct size and acute heart failure.

Project description:ObjectivesThis study sought to determine the incidence and prognostic significance of persistent iron in patients post-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).BackgroundThe clinical significance of persistent iron within the infarct core after STEMI complicated by acute myocardial hemorrhage is poorly understood.MethodsPatients who sustained an acute STEMI were enrolled in a cohort study (BHF MR-MI [Detection and Significance of Heart Injury in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction]). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging including T2* (observed time constant for the decay of transverse magnetization seen with gradient-echo sequences) mapping was performed at 2 days and 6 months post-STEMI. Myocardial hemorrhage or iron was defined as a hypointense infarct core with T2* signal <20 ms.ResultsA total of 203 patients (age 57 ± 11 years, n = 158 [78%] male) had evaluable T2* maps at 2 days and 6 months post-STEMI; 74 (36%) patients had myocardial hemorrhage at baseline, and 44 (59%) of these patients had persistent iron at 6 months. Clinical associates of persistent iron included heart rate (p = 0.009), the absence of a history of hypertension (p = 0.017), and infarct size (p = 0.028). The presence of persistent iron was associated with worsening left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume (regression coefficient: 21.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.92 to 31.27; p < 0.001) and worsening LV ejection fraction (regression coefficient: -6.47; 95% CI: -9.22 to -3.72; p < 0.001). Persistent iron was associated with the subsequent occurrence of all-cause death or heart failure (hazard ratio: 3.91; 95% CI: 1.37 to 11.14; p = 0.011) and major adverse cardiac events (hazard ratio: 3.24; 95% CI: 1.09 to 9.64; p = 0.035) (median follow-up duration 1,457 days [range 233 to 1,734 days]).ConclusionsPersistent iron at 6 months post-STEMI is associated with worse LV and longer-term health outcomes. (Detection and Significance of Heart Injury in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction [BHF MR-MI]; NCT02072850).

Project description:Preinfarction angina may act as a clinical surrogate of ischemic preconditioning that may reduce infarct size and improve mortality in the setting of thrombolytic therapy for ST-elevation myocardial infarction. However, the benefits of preinfarction angina in the setting of primary percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting is inconclusive because of the greater achievement of infarct artery patency and speed of reperfusion.To identify a homogeneous population, we performed a retrospective analysis of 1031 patients admitted with a first ST-elevation myocardial infarction with ischemic times between 1 and 6 hours who received primary percutaneous coronary intervention. We identified 245 patients who had occluded arteries on presentation, of which 79 patients had documented preinfarction angina defined as chest pain within 24 hours of infarction. Infarct size was measured as the peak creatine kinase level, a metric supported in a subgroup by late enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Patients with preinfarction angina (n=79) had a 50% reduction in infarct size compared with those patients without preinfarction angina (n=166) by both peak creatine kinase (1094±75 IU/L versus 2270±102 IU/L; P<0.0001) and creatine kinase area under curve (18 420±18 941 versus 36 810±21 741 IU/h per liter; P<0.0001) despite having identical ischemic times (185±8 minutes versus 181±5 minutes; P=0.67) and angiographic area at risk (24.1±1.2% versus 25.3±0.9%; P=0.43). There was an absolute 4% improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction before discharge in those patients with preinfarction angina (P<0.02).The occurrence of preinfarction angina is associated with significant myocardial protection in the setting of primary percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting during ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Because preinfarction angina is relatively common, it is important that these patients be identified in clinical trials investigating therapies designed to reduce reperfusion injury and infarct size.

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Circadian dependence of infarct size and left ventricular function after ST elevation myocardial infarction.

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Circadian dependence of infarct size and left ventricular function after ST elevation myocardial infarction.

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