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Impact of personal and ambient-level exposures to nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter on cardiovascular function.

ABSTRACT: This work explored the association between nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and PM(2.5) components with changes in cardiovascular function in an adult non-smoking cohort. The cohort consisted of 65 volunteers participating in the US EPA's Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEARS) and a University of Michigan cardiovascular sub-study. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR), brachial artery diameter (BAD), brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-mediated arterial dilatation (NMD) were collected by in-home examinations. A maximum of 336 daily environmental and health effect observations were obtained. Daily potassium air concentrations were associated with significant decreases in DBP (-0.0447 mmHg/ng/m(3) ± 0.0132, p = 0.0016, lag day 0) among participants compliant with the personal monitoring protocol. Personal NO(2) exposures resulted in significant changes in BAD (e.g., 0.0041 mm/ppb ± 0.0019, p = 0.0353, lag day 1) and FMD (0.0612 ± 0.0235, p = 0.0103, lag day 0) among other findings.

SUBMITTER: Williams R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3259186 | biostudies-literature | 2012

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Impact of personal and ambient-level exposures to nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter on cardiovascular function.

Williams Ron R Brook Robert R Bard Robert R Conner Teri T Shin Hwashin H Burnett Richard R

International journal of environmental health research 20110628 1

This work explored the association between nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and PM(2.5) components with changes in cardiovascular function in an adult non-smoking cohort. The cohort consisted of 65 volunteers participating in the US EPA's Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEARS) and a University of Michigan cardiovascular sub-study. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR), brachial artery diameter (BAD), brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and nitroglyceri ...[more]

PMID: 21711166

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Project description:Murine Pulmonary Responses to Ambient Baltimore Particulate Matter: Genomic Analysis and Contribution to Airway Hyperresponsiveness Asthma is a complex disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and chronic airway inflammation. Environmental factors such as ambient particulate matter (PM), a major air pollutant, has been demonstrated in epidemiological studies to contribute to asthma exacerbation and increased asthma prevalence. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the genomic and pathophysiological effects of Baltimore PM (median diameter 1.78 µm) in a murine model of asthma to identify potential biomarkers. METHODS: A/J mice with ovalbumin (OVA) –induced AHR were exposed to PM (20 mg/kg, intratracheal), and both AHR and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were assayed on days 1, 4, and 7 post exposure. Lung gene expression profiling (Affymetrix Mouse430_ 2.0) by PM (20 mg/kg, intratracheal) were assayed on OVA- and / or PM--challenged mice. RESULTS: Significant increases of airway responsiveness in OVA-treated mice were observed, indicating an asthmatic phenotype. Ambient PM exposure induced significant changes in AHR in both naive mice and OVA-induced asthmatic mice. In both naive and OVA challenged asthmatic mice, PM induced eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration into airways, elevated BAL protein content, and stimulated secretion of TH1 cytokines (IFN-g, IL-6, and TNF-a) and TH2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and eotaxin) into BAL. Consistent with these results, PM induced expression of genes of innate immune response, chemotaxis and complementary system. CONCLUSION: These studies, consistent with epidemiological data, indicate that PM increases AHR and lung inflammation in naïve mice and exacerbates the asthma phenotype of increased AHR and gene expression pattern changes correlated with acute lung inflammation and airway damage. We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression induced by rhPBEF treatment and VALI. Keywords: gene expression

Project description:BackgroundEpidemiological studies report fairly consistent associations between various air pollution metrics and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with some elevated risks reported for different prenatal and postnatal periods.ObjectivesTo examine associations between ASD and ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone concentrations during the prenatal period through the second year of life in a case-control study.MethodsASD cases (n = 428) diagnosed at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center were frequency matched (15:1) to 6420 controls from Ohio birth records. We assigned daily PM2.5 and ozone estimates for 2005-2012 from US EPA's Fused Air Quality Surface Using Downscaling model to each participant for each day based on the mother's census tract of residence at birth. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) using logistic regression across continuous and categorical exposure window averages (trimesters, first and second postnatal years, and cumulative measure), adjusting for maternal- and birth-related confounders, both air pollutants, and multiple temporal exposure windows.ResultsWe detected elevated aORs for PM2.5 during the 2nd trimester, 1st year of life, and a cumulative period from pregnancy through the 2nd year (aOR ranges across categories: 1.41-1.44, 1.54-1.84, and 1.41-1.52 respectively), and for ozone in the 2nd year of life (aOR range across categories: 1.29-1.42). Per each change in IQR, we observed elevated aORs for ozone in the 3rd trimester, 1st and 2nd years of life, and the cumulative period (aOR range: 1.19-1.27) and for PM2.5 in the 2nd trimester, 1st year of life, and the cumulative period (aOR range: 1.11-1.17).DiscussionWe saw limited evidence of linear exposure-response relationships for ASD with increasing air pollution, but the elevated aORs detected for PM2.5 in upper exposure categories and per IQR unit increases were similar in magnitude to those reported in previous studies, especially for postnatal exposures.

Project description:In this study, we developed a novel method for generating aerosols that are representative of real-world ambient particulate matter (PM) in terms of both physical and chemical characteristics, with the ultimate objective of using them for inhalation exposure studies. The protocol included collection of ambient PM on filters using a high-volume sampler, which were then extracted with ultrapure Milli-Q water using vortexing and sonication. As an alternative approach for collection, ambient particles were directly captured into aqueous slurry samples using the versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES)/aerosol-into-liquid collector tandem technology. The aqueous samples from both collection protocols were then re-aerosolized using commercially available nebulizers. The physical characteristics (i.e., particle size distribution) of the generated aerosols were examined by the means of a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) connected to a condensation particle counter (CPC) at different compressed air pressures of the nebulizer, and dilution air flow rates. In addition, the collected PM samples (both ambient and re-aerosolized) were chemically analyzed for water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), elemental and organic carbon (EC/OC), inorganic ions, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and metals and trace elements. Using the aqueous filter extracts, we were able to effectively recover the water-soluble components of ambient PM (e.g., water-soluble organic matter, and water-soluble inorganic ions); however, this method was deficient in recovering some of the important insoluble components such as EC, PAHs, and many of the redox-active trace elements and metals. In contrast, using the VACES/aerosol-into-liquid collector tandem technology for collecting ambient PM directly into water slurry, we were able to preserve the water-soluble and water-insoluble components very effectively. These results illustrate the superiority of the VACES/aerosol-into liquid collector tandem technology to be used in conjunction with the re-aerosolization setup to create aerosols that fully represent ambient PM, making it an attractive choice for application in inhalation exposure studies.

Dataset Information

Impact of personal and ambient-level exposures to nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter on cardiovascular function.

Publications

Impact of personal and ambient-level exposures to nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter on cardiovascular function.

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