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Impaired chromatin remodelling at STAT1-regulated promoters leads to global unresponsiveness of Toxoplasma gondii-infected macrophages to IFN-?.

ABSTRACT: Intracellular pathogens including the apicomplexan and opportunistic parasite Toxoplasma gondii profoundly modify their host cells in order to establish infection. We have shown previously that intracellular T. gondii inhibit up-regulation of regulatory and effector functions in murine macrophages (M?) stimulated with interferon (IFN)-?, which is the cytokine crucial for controlling the parasites' replication. Using genome-wide transcriptome analysis we show herein that infection with T. gondii leads to global unresponsiveness of murine macrophages to IFN-?. More than 61% and 89% of the transcripts, which were induced or repressed by IFN-? in non-infected M?, respectively, were not altered after stimulation of T. gondii-infected cells with IFN-?. These genes are involved in a variety of biological processes, which are mostly but not exclusively related to immune responses. Analyses of the underlying mechanisms revealed that IFN-?-triggered nuclear translocation of STAT1 still occurred in Toxoplasma-infected M?. However, STAT1 bound aberrantly to oligonucleotides containing the IFN-?-responsive gamma-activated site (GAS) consensus sequence. Conversely, IFN-? did not induce formation of active GAS-STAT1 complexes in nuclear extracts from infected M?. Mass spectrometry of protein complexes bound to GAS oligonucleotides showed that T. gondii-infected M? are unable to recruit non-muscle actin to IFN-?-responsive DNA sequences, which appeared to be independent of stimulation with IFN-? and of STAT1 binding. IFN-?-induced recruitment of BRG-1 and acetylation of core histones at the IFN-?-regulated CIITA promoter IV, but not ?-actin was diminished by >90% in Toxoplasma-infected M? as compared to non-infected control cells. Remarkably, treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors restored the ability of infected macrophages to express the IFN-? regulated genes H2-A/E and CIITA. Taken together, these results indicate that Toxoplasma-infected M? are unable to respond to IFN-? due to disturbed chromatin remodelling, but can be rescued using histone deacetylase inhibitors.

SUBMITTER: Lang C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3262016 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Impaired chromatin remodelling at STAT1-regulated promoters leads to global unresponsiveness of Toxoplasma gondii-infected macrophages to IFN-γ.

Lang Christine C Hildebrandt Anke A Brand Franziska F Opitz Lennart L Dihazi Hassan H Lüder Carsten G K CG

PLoS pathogens 20120119 1

Intracellular pathogens including the apicomplexan and opportunistic parasite Toxoplasma gondii profoundly modify their host cells in order to establish infection. We have shown previously that intracellular T. gondii inhibit up-regulation of regulatory and effector functions in murine macrophages (MΦ) stimulated with interferon (IFN)-γ, which is the cytokine crucial for controlling the parasites' replication. Using genome-wide transcriptome analysis we show herein that infection with T. gondii ...[more]

PMID: 22275866

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Project description:Intracellular pathogens including the apicomplexan and opportunistic parasite Toxoplasma gondii profoundly modify their host cells in order to establish infection. We have shown previously that intracellular T. gondii inhibit up-regulation of regulatory and effector functions in murine macrophages (MΦ) stimulated with interferon (IFN)-γ, which is the cytokine crucial for controlling the parasites’ replication. Using genome-wide transcriptome analysis we show herein that infection with T. gondii leads to global unresponsiveness of murine macrophages to IFN-γ. More than 61% and 89% of the transcripts, which were induced or repressed by IFN-γ in non-infected MΦ, respectively, were not altered after stimulation of T. gondii-infected cells with IFN-γ. These genes are involved in a variety of biological processes, which are mostly but not exclusively related to immune responses. Analyses of the underlying mechanisms revealed that IFN-γ-triggered nuclear translocation of STAT1 still occurred in Toxoplasma-infected MΦ. However, STAT1 bound aberrantly to oligonucleotides containing the IFN-γ-responsive gamma-activated site (GAS) consensus sequence. Conversely, IFN-γ did not induce formation of active GAS-STAT1 complexes in nuclear extracts from infected MΦ. Mass spectrometry of protein complexes bound to GAS oligonucleotides showed that T. gondii-infected MΦ are unable to recruit non-muscle actin to IFN-γ-responsive DNA sequences, which appeared to be independent of stimulation with IFN-γ and of STAT1 binding. IFN-γ-induced recruitment of BRG-1 and acetylation of core histones at the IFN-γ-regulated CIITA promoter IV, but not β-actin was diminished by >90% in Toxoplasma-infected MΦ as compared to non-infected control cells. Remarkably, treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors restored the ability of infected macrophages to express the IFN-γ regulated genes H2-A/E and CIITA. Taken together, these results indicate that Toxoplasma-infected MΦ are unable to respond to IFN-γ due to disturbed chromatin remodelling, but can be rescued using histone deacetylase inhibitors. Comparison of 4 different RNA pools with a 2-Color-Loop Design including 10 microarrays: [1] T. gondii infected and IFN-gamma treated, [2] T. gondii infected and untreated, [3] Non-infected and IFN-gamma treated, and [4] Non-infected and untreated.

Dataset Information

Impaired chromatin remodelling at STAT1-regulated promoters leads to global unresponsiveness of Toxoplasma gondii-infected macrophages to IFN-?.

Publications

Impaired chromatin remodelling at STAT1-regulated promoters leads to global unresponsiveness of Toxoplasma gondii-infected macrophages to IFN-γ.

Similar Datasets

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