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Development of NMDA R1 expression in chicken auditory brainstem.

ABSTRACT: NMDA receptor subunit 1 (NR1) expression in the chicken cochlear nuclei was examined using immunohistochemistry and quantitative Western blots. An antibody raised in mouse against a highly conserved domain of NR1 recognized the same 115 kDa protein band in chicken brain. Quantitative Western blotting of cochlear nucleus protein showed no significant change in NR1 expression from E18 to adult. The nucleus angularis (NA) initiated NR1 expression before E12 that became more prominent after hatching. NR1-ir first appeared in the nucleus magnocellularis (NM) and nucleus laminaris (NL) at E10. From E12 to E19, NM exhibited a gradient in NR1 expression with medial, higher best frequency cell bodies being more immunoreactive than lateral, lower best frequency cell bodies. This gradient disappeared by E20. The distribution of NR1 in NL also changed during development. NR1 label was present in NL cell bodies between E10 and E13. From E14 onwards, NR1-ir characterized both cell bodies and neuropil. After hatching, NR1-ir levels were higher in NL than NM. The superior olive first expressed NR1 at E12. Neuropil staining was more intense than cell bodies until after hatching. In contrast to the functional decrease observed in mammals and chick, NR1-ir expression remained high in the chicken auditory brainstem into adulthood. Both chickens and rodents retain high levels of NR-1.

SUBMITTER: Tang YZ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3269632 | biostudies-literature | 2004 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Development of NMDA R1 expression in chicken auditory brainstem.

Tang Ye-Zhong YZ Carr C E CE

Hearing research 20040501 1-2

NMDA receptor subunit 1 (NR1) expression in the chicken cochlear nuclei was examined using immunohistochemistry and quantitative Western blots. An antibody raised in mouse against a highly conserved domain of NR1 recognized the same 115 kDa protein band in chicken brain. Quantitative Western blotting of cochlear nucleus protein showed no significant change in NR1 expression from E18 to adult. The nucleus angularis (NA) initiated NR1 expression before E12 that became more prominent after hatching ...[more]

PMID: 15109707

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Project description:The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is an invaluable assay in clinical audiology, non-human animals, and human research. Despite the widespread use of ABRs in measuring auditory neural synchrony and estimating hearing sensitivity in other vertebrate model systems, methods for recording ABRs in the chicken have not been reported in nearly four decades. Chickens provide a robust animal research model because their auditory system is near functional maturation during late embryonic and early hatchling stages. We have demonstrated methods used to elicit one or two-channel ABR recordings using subdermal needle electrode arrays in chicken hatchlings. Regardless of electrode recording configuration (i.e., montage), ABR recordings included 3-4 positive-going peak waveforms within the first 6 ms of a suprathreshold click stimulus. Peak-to-trough waveform amplitudes ranged from 2-11 µV at high-intensity levels, with positive peaks exhibiting expected latency-intensity functions (i.e., increase in latency as a function of decreased intensity). Standardized earphone position was critical for optimal recordings as loose skin can occlude the ear canal, and animal movement can dislodge the stimulus transducer. Peak amplitudes were smaller, and latencies were longer as animal body temperature lowered, supporting the need for maintaining physiological body temperature. For young hatchlings (<3 h post-hatch day 1), thresholds were elevated by ~5 dB, peak latencies increased ~1-2 ms, and peak to trough amplitudes were decreased ~1 µV compared to older hatchlings. This suggests a potential conductive-related issue (i.e., fluid in the middle ear cavity) and should be considered for young hatchlings. Overall, the ABR methods outlined here permit accurate and reproducible recording of in-vivo auditory function in chicken hatchlings that could be applied to different stages of development. Such findings are easily compared to human and mammalian models of hearing loss, aging, or other auditory-related manipulations.

Dataset Information

Development of NMDA R1 expression in chicken auditory brainstem.

Publications

Development of NMDA R1 expression in chicken auditory brainstem.

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