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Housing quality and access to material and learning resources within the home environment in developing countries.

ABSTRACT: This study examined home environment conditions (housing quality, material resources, formal and informal learning materials) and their relations with the Human Development Index (HDI) in 28 developing countries. Home environment conditions in these countries varied widely. The quality of housing and availability of material resources at home were consistently tied to HDI; the availability of formal and informal learning materials a little less so. Gross domestic product (GDP) tended to show a stronger independent relation with housing quality and material resources than life expectancy and education. Formal learning resources were independently related to the GDP and education indices, and informal learning resources were not independently related to any constituent indices of the overall HDI.

SUBMITTER: Bradley RH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3270815 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Jan-Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Housing quality and access to material and learning resources within the home environment in developing countries.

Bradley Robert H RH Putnick Diane L DL

Child development 20120101 1

This study examined home environment conditions (housing quality, material resources, formal and informal learning materials) and their relations with the Human Development Index (HDI) in 28 developing countries. Home environment conditions in these countries varied widely. The quality of housing and availability of material resources at home were consistently tied to HDI; the availability of formal and informal learning materials a little less so. Gross domestic product (GDP) tended to show a s ...[more]

PMID: 22277008

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Project description:BackgroundIn September 2003, the Canadian government committed to developing legislation that would facilitate greater access to affordable medicines for developing countries. Over the course of eight months, the legislation, now known as Canada's Access to Medicines Regime (CAMR), went through a controversial policy development process and the newspaper media was one of the major venues in which the policy debates took place. The purpose of this study was to examine how the media framed CAMR to determine how policy goals were conceptualized, which stakeholder interests controlled the public debate and how these variables related to the public policy process.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative content analysis of newspaper coverage of the CAMR policy and implementation process from 2003-2008. The primary theoretical framework for this study was framing theory. A total of 90 articles from 11 Canadian newspapers were selected for inclusion in our analysis. A team of four researchers coded the articles for themes relating to access to medicines and which stakeholders' voice figured more prominently on each issue. Stakeholders examined included: the research-based industry, the generic industry, civil society, the Canadian government, and developing country representatives.ResultsThe most frequently mentioned themes across all documents were the issues of drug affordability, intellectual property, trade agreements and obligations, and development. Issues such as human rights, pharmaceutical innovation, and economic competitiveness got little media representation. Civil society dominated the media contents, followed far behind by the Canadian government, the research-based and generic pharmaceutical industries. Developing country representatives were hardly represented in the media.ConclusionsMedia framing obscured the discussion of some of the underlying policy goals in this case and failed to highlight issues which are now significant barriers to the use of the legislation. Using the media to engage the public in more in-depth exploration of the policy issues at stake may contribute to a more informed policy development process. The media can be an effective channel for those stakeholders with a weaker voice in policy deliberations to raise public attention to particular issues; however, the political and institutional context must be taken into account as it may outweigh media framing effects.

Project description:Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most consumed grain legume in developing countries in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa1. Like other legumes, common bean seeds are rich in protein, carbohydrates, fibers and other health-promoting phenolic compounds thus being vital for food security and income source for local small farmers2. Seed quality traits depend on accumulation of various storage molecules during the seed development (SD) process and influenced by the genotype and adaptive changes to environment3. Concerning common bean, there is still a lack of a deeper molecular knowledge of SD that is hampering the development of new biotech approaches for seed trait modulation and could timely address challenges of agriculture or industry. Our present work aims to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying SD using a proteomic approach. To achieve this goal, we characterized SD in terms biomass, seed length and weight in the genotype SER16, one of the most promissory drought-resistant release of the CIAT-CGIAR. Seed samples were collected at the 4 main SD stages: Late-Embryogenesis (10 days after anthesis, d.a.a.), Early (20 d.a.a.) and Late Maturation (30 d.a.a.) and Desiccation (40 d.a.a.). The analysis of bean proteome was conducted using a gel-free proteomic analysis (LC-MS/MS) under the scope of EU-FP7-PRIME-XS project. A total of 410 unique proteins were differentially expressed throughout the 4 major seed development stages, in which most of the identified proteins belong in the ‘protein metabolism’ (31,98%) functional category, that includes synthesis, regulation, folding. Other functional categories are represented such as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism (11,26%) and stress/defense and redox metabolism (11,04%). We identified 93 proteins were unique to the first (10-20 d.a.a.), 22 to the second (20-30 d.a.a.) and 40 to the last (30-40 d.a.a.) phase transition, reflecting the major biological processes occurring at this specific seed developmental stage. This study will contribute to reveal key metabolic pathways and mechanisms with potential role in modulating common bean seed development and quality traits.

Dataset Information

Housing quality and access to material and learning resources within the home environment in developing countries.

Publications

Housing quality and access to material and learning resources within the home environment in developing countries.

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