Dataset Information

Renal function after reduction in cadmium exposure: an 8-year follow-up of residents in cadmium-polluted areas.

ABSTRACT:

Background and objective

Long-term exposure to cadmium (Cd) causes renal dysfunction, but the change in renal function with exposure is unknown. We assessed the evolution of Cd-induced renal effects after a reduction in dietary exposure to Cd in rice.

Methods

Four hundred twelve residents in previously Cd-polluted and nonpolluted areas were examined twice, in 1998 and in 2006. Changes in blood Cd, urinary Cd, and kidney function [N-acetyl-?-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), ?2-microglobulin, and albumin in urine] were measured.

Results

In the most polluted area, mean blood Cd was 8.9 ?g/L and 3.3 ?g/L in 1998 and in 2006, respectively, and urinary Cd was 11.6 and 9.0 ?g/g creatinine. Urinary albumin in 1998 increased with urinary Cd, but no such exposure-response relation appeared for 2006 albumin versus urinary Cd 1998, indicating recovery. Other biomarkers of kidney function were also elevated in 1998. Partial recovery was observed for NAG among women and was suggested for ?2-microglobulin among young individuals. The probability of having ?2-microglobulin levels above the 95th percentile in 2006 was high in those with elevated ?2-microglobulin in 1998 [odds ratio (OR) = 24.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 11.2, 55.3] compared with albumin (OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.2, 7.5) and NAG (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.6, 4.4).

Conclusions

Results suggest that a Cd-mediated increase in urinary albumin excretion is reversible upon substantial reduction of exposure. For markers of tubular effects, we observed a tendency toward improvement but not complete recovery. Data from repeated observations suggest that ?2-microglobulin may be more informative than NAG as an indicator for an individual's future tubular function.

SUBMITTER: Liang Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3279438 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Renal function after reduction in cadmium exposure: an 8-year follow-up of residents in cadmium-polluted areas.

Liang Yihuai Y Lei Lijian L Nilsson Johan J Li Huiqi H Nordberg Monica M Bernard Alfred A Nordberg Gunnar F GF Bergdahl Ingvar A IA Jin Taiyi T

Environmental health perspectives 20111025 2

<h4>Background and objective</h4>Long-term exposure to cadmium (Cd) causes renal dysfunction, but the change in renal function with exposure is unknown. We assessed the evolution of Cd-induced renal effects after a reduction in dietary exposure to Cd in rice.<h4>Methods</h4>Four hundred twelve residents in previously Cd-polluted and nonpolluted areas were examined twice, in 1998 and in 2006. Changes in blood Cd, urinary Cd, and kidney function [N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), β2-microglobuli ...[more]

PMID: 22027495

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundWe aimed to investigate the mortality and causes of deaths of inhabitants with renal dysfunction induced by cadmium (Cd) exposure caused by heavy environmental contamination.MethodsWe conducted a 26-year follow-up survey targeting 7529 inhabitants of the Cd-polluted Jinzu River basin and 2149 controls from non-polluted areas who participated in urinary examinations for proteinuria and glucosuria conducted in 1979 to 1984. When the residents were divided into 4 groups, no finding group, glucosuria group, proteinuria group, glucoproteinuria group, mortality risk ratios for all and specific causes of these groups in the polluted area were compared with that of controls without glucosuria and/or proteinuria after adjustments for age at baseline, smoking status, and history of hypertension using Cox's proportional hazard model.ResultsThe mortality risk ratios for all causes of proteinuria and glucoproteinuria in men and glucosuria, proteinuria, and glucoproteinuria in women of the polluted areas significantly increased compared with those of the controls with no urinary findings. Respiratory, renal, and cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in men, and all diseases except cerebrovascular diseases in women contributed toward an increased mortality of exposed glucoproteinuria groups, which involved chronic Cd toxicosis with renal tubular dysfunction. In women, the mortality risks for cancer of the colon and rectum, uterus and kidney and urinary tract were significantly higher in the exposed proteinuria and glucoproteinuria groups, suggesting associations between renal damage and cancer risk. In exposed women, the no finding group and glucoproteinuria group also showed increased mortality from ischemic heart diseases, indicating that all exposed women may be at risk for ischemic heart diseases. Although the control glucosuria and/or proteinuria group also showed high mortality for diabetes and renal diseases, the increased risk ratio for renal disease mortality was much higher in exposed subjects with urinary findings, particularly in women.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that inhabitants with renal effects caused by Cd exposure had a poor life prognosis over long-term observation in both genders. Particularly in women, renal tubular dysfunction indicated by glucoproteinuria may increase mortality from cancer, ischemic heart diseases, and renal diseases.

Dataset Information

Renal function after reduction in cadmium exposure: an 8-year follow-up of residents in cadmium-polluted areas.

Background and objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Renal function after reduction in cadmium exposure: an 8-year follow-up of residents in cadmium-polluted areas.

Similar Datasets

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