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Smoking abstinence and depressive symptoms modulate the executive control system during emotional information processing.

ABSTRACT: Smoking abstinence disrupts affective and cognitive processes. In this study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate the effects of smoking abstinence on emotional information processing. Smokers (n = 17) and non-smokers (n = 18) underwent fMRI while performing an emotional distractor oddball task in which rare targets were presented following negative and neutral task-irrelevant distractors. Smokers completed two sessions: once following 24-hour abstinence and once while satiated. The abstinent versus satiated states were compared by evaluating responses to distractor images and to targets following each distractor valence within frontal executive and limbic brain regions. Regression analyses were done to investigate whether self-reported negative affect influences brain response to images and targets. Exploratory regression analyses examined relations between baseline depressive symptoms and smoking state on brain function. Smoking state affected response to target detection in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). During satiety, activation was greater in response to targets following negative versus neutral distractors; following abstinence, the reverse was observed. Withdrawal-related negative affect was associated with right insula activation to negative images. Finally, depression symptoms were associated with abstinence-induced hypoactive response to negative emotional distractors and task-relevant targets following negative distractors in frontal brain regions. Neural processes related to novelty detection/attention in the right IFG may be disrupted by smoking abstinence and negative stimuli. Reactivity to emotional stimuli and the interfering effects on cognition are moderated by the magnitude of smoking state-dependent negative affect and baseline depressive symptoms.

SUBMITTER: Froeliger B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3288802 | biostudies-literature | 2012 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Smoking abstinence and depressive symptoms modulate the executive control system during emotional information processing.

Froeliger Brett B Modlin Leslie A LA Kozink Rachel V RV Wang Lihong L McClernon F Joseph FJ

Addiction biology 20111115 3

Smoking abstinence disrupts affective and cognitive processes. In this study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate the effects of smoking abstinence on emotional information processing. Smokers (n = 17) and non-smokers (n = 18) underwent fMRI while performing an emotional distractor oddball task in which rare targets were presented following negative and neutral task-irrelevant distractors. Smokers completed two sessions: once following 24-hour abstinence and once ...[more]

PMID: 22081878

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Project description:Acute mood disturbance following sport-related concussion is common and is known to adversely affect post-concussion symptoms and recovery. The physiological underpinnings of depressive symptoms following concussion, however, are relatively understudied. We hypothesized that functional connectivity of the emotional processing network would be altered in concussed athletes and associated with the severity of depressive symptoms following concussion. Forty-three concussed collegiate athletes were assessed at approximately one day (N?=?34), one week (N?=?34), and one month post-concussion (N?=?30). Fifty-one healthy contact-sport athletes served as controls and completed a single visit. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) was used to measure depressive symptoms. Resting state fMRI data was collected on a 3?T scanner (TR?=?2?s) and functional connectivity was calculated in a meta-analytically derived network of regions associated with emotional processing. Concussed athletes had elevated depressive symptoms across the first month post-concussion relative to control athletes, but showed partial recovery by one month relative to more acute visits (ps?<?0.05). Concussed athletes had significantly different connectivity in regions associated with emotional processing at one month post-concussion relative to one day post-concussion (p?=?0.002) and relative to controls (p?=?0.003), with higher connectivity between default mode and attention regions being common across analyses. Additionally, depressive symptoms in concussed athletes at one day (p?=?0.003) and one week post-concussion (p?=?7?×?10-8) were inversely correlated with connectivity between attention (e.g., right anterior insula) and default mode regions (e.g., medial prefrontal cortex). Finally, the relationships with HAM-D scores were not driven by a general increase in somatic complaints captured by the HAM-D, but were strongly associated with mood-specific HAM-D items. These results suggest that connectivity of emotional processing regions is associated with acute mood disturbance following sport-related concussion. Increased connectivity between attention and default mode regions may reflect compensatory mechanisms.

Dataset Information

Smoking abstinence and depressive symptoms modulate the executive control system during emotional information processing.

Publications

Smoking abstinence and depressive symptoms modulate the executive control system during emotional information processing.

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