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Cell-selective inhibition of NF-?B signaling improves therapeutic index in a melanoma chemotherapy model.

ABSTRACT: The transcription factor NF-?B promotes survival of cancer cells exposed to doxorubicin and other chemotherapeutic agents. I?B kinase is essential for chemotherapy-induced NF-?B activation and considered a prime target for anticancer treatment. An I?B kinase inhibitor sensitized human melanoma xenografts in mice to killing by doxorubicin, yet also exacerbated treatment toxicity in the host animals. Using mouse models that simulate cell-selective targeting, we found that impaired NF-?B activation in melanoma and host myeloid cells accounts for the therapeutic and the adverse effects, respectively. Ablation of tumor-intrinsic NF-?B activity resulted in apoptosis-driven tumor regression following doxorubicin treatment. By contrast, chemotherapy in mice with myeloid-specific loss of NF-?B activation led to a massive intratumoral recruitment of interleukin-1?-producing neutrophils and necrotic tumor lesions, a condition associated with increased host mortality but not accompanied by tumor regression. Therefore, a molecular target-based therapy may be steered toward different clinical outcomes depending on the drug's cell-specific effects.Our findings show that the I?B kinase–NF-?B signaling pathway is important for both promoting treatment resistance and preventing host toxicity in cancer chemotherapy; however, the two functions are exerted by distinct cell type–specific mechanisms and can therefore be selectively targeted to achieve an improved therapeutic outcome.

SUBMITTER: Enzler T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3290412 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cell-selective inhibition of NF-κB signaling improves therapeutic index in a melanoma chemotherapy model.

Enzler Thomas T Sano Yasuyo Y Choo Min-Kyung MK Cottam Howard B HB Karin Michael M Tsao Hensin H Park Jin Mo JM

Cancer discovery 20111101 6

<h4>Unlabelled</h4>The transcription factor NF-κB promotes survival of cancer cells exposed to doxorubicin and other chemotherapeutic agents. IκB kinase is essential for chemotherapy-induced NF-κB activation and considered a prime target for anticancer treatment. An IκB kinase inhibitor sensitized human melanoma xenografts in mice to killing by doxorubicin, yet also exacerbated treatment toxicity in the host animals. Using mouse models that simulate cell-selective targeting, we found that impair ...[more]

PMID: 22389871

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Project description:The RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor ?B)/RANKL (RANK ligand)/OPG (osteoprotegerin) axis is activated after myocardial infarction (MI), but its pathophysiological role is not well understood. Here, we investigated how global and cell compartment-selective inhibition of RANKL affects cardiac function and remodeling after MI in mice. Global RANKL inhibition was achieved by treatment of human RANKL knock-in (huRANKL-KI) mice with the monoclonal antibody AMG161. huRANKL-KI mice express a chimeric RANKL protein wherein part of the RANKL molecule is humanized. AMG161 inhibits human and chimeric but not murine RANKL. To dissect the pathophysiological role of RANKL derived from hematopoietic and mesenchymal cells, we selectively exchanged the hematopoietic cell compartment by lethal irradiation and across-genotype bone marrow transplantation between wild-type and huRANKL-KI mice, exploiting the specificity of AMG161. After permanent coronary artery ligation, mice were injected with AMG161 or an isotype control antibody over 4 weeks post-MI. MI increased RANKL expression mainly in cardiomyocytes and scar-infiltrating cells 4 weeks after MI. Only inhibition of RANKL derived from hematopoietic cellular sources, but not global or mesenchymal RANKL inhibition, improved post-infarct survival and cardiac function. Mechanistically, hematopoietic RANKL inhibition reduced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1ß in the cardiac cellular infiltrate. In conclusion, inhibition of RANKL derived from hematopoietic cellular sources is beneficial to maintain post-ischemic cardiac function by reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. KEY MESSAGES: Experimental myocardial infarction (MI) augments cardiac RANKL expression in mice. RANKL expression is increased in cardiomyocytes and scar-infiltrating cells after MI. Global or mesenchymal cell RANKL inhibition has no influence on cardiac function after MI. Inhibition of RANKL derived from hematopoietic cells improves heart function post-MI. Hematopoietic RANKL inhibition reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines in scar-infiltrating cells.

Dataset Information

Cell-selective inhibition of NF-?B signaling improves therapeutic index in a melanoma chemotherapy model.

Publications

Cell-selective inhibition of NF-κB signaling improves therapeutic index in a melanoma chemotherapy model.

Similar Datasets

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