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Molecular epidemiology of avian leukosis virus subgroup J in layer flocks in China.

ABSTRACT: Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) was first isolated from meat-type chickens in 1988. No field cases of ALV-J infection or tumors in layer chickens were observed worldwide until 2004. However, layer flocks in China have experienced outbreaks of this virus in recent years. The molecular epidemiology of ALV-J strains isolated from layer flocks was investigated. The env genes of 77.8% (21/27) of the ALV-J layer isolates with a high degree of genetic variation were significantly different from the env genes of the prototype strain of ALV-J (HPRS-103) and American and Chinese strains from meat-type chickens (designated ALV-J broiler isolates). A total of 205 nucleotides were deleted from the 3' untranslated region of 89.5% (17/19) of the ALV-J layer isolates. Approximately 94.7% (16/17) of the layer isolates contained a complete E element of 146 to 149 residues. The U3 sequences of 84.2% (16/19) of the ALV-J layer isolates displayed less than 92.5% sequence homology to those of the ALV-J broiler isolates, although the transcriptional regulatory elements that are typical of avian retroviruses were highly conserved. Several unique nucleotide substitutions in the env gene, the U3 region, and the E element of most of the ALV-J layer isolates were detected. These results suggested that the env gene, E element, and U3 region in the ALV-J layer isolates have evolved rapidly and were significantly different from those of the ALV-J broiler isolates. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of layer tumor diseases induced by ALV-J.

SUBMITTER: Gao Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3295186 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Molecular epidemiology of avian leukosis virus subgroup J in layer flocks in China.

Gao Yulong Y Yun Bingling B Qin Liting L Pan Wei W Qu Yue Y Liu Zaisi Z Wang Yongqiang Y Qi Xiaole X Gao Honglei H Wang Xiaomei X

Journal of clinical microbiology 20120111 3

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) was first isolated from meat-type chickens in 1988. No field cases of ALV-J infection or tumors in layer chickens were observed worldwide until 2004. However, layer flocks in China have experienced outbreaks of this virus in recent years. The molecular epidemiology of ALV-J strains isolated from layer flocks was investigated. The env genes of 77.8% (21/27) of the ALV-J layer isolates with a high degree of genetic variation were significantly different from ...[more]

PMID: 22205787

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Project description:BackgroundAvian leukosis virus Subgroup-J (ALV-J) is a rapidly oncogenic evolving retrovirus infecting a variety of avian species; causing severe economic losses to the local poultry industry.MethodsTo investigate ALV-J, a total of 117 blood samples and 57 tissue specimens of different organs were collected for virological, and pathological identification, serological examinations, molecular characterization, and sequencing analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed report recorded in broiler flocks in Egypt. The present study targets the prevalence of a viral tumor disease circulating in broiler flocks in the El-Sharqia, El-Dakahliya, and Al-Qalyubiyya Egyptian governorates from 2021 to 2023 using different diagnostic techniques besides ALV-J gp85 genetic diversity determination.ResultWe first isolated ALV-J on chicken embryo rough cell culture; showing aggregation, rounding, and degeneration. Concerning egg inoculation, embryonic death, stunting, and curling were observed. Only 79 serum samples were positive for ALV-J (67.52%) based on the ELISA test. Histopathological investigation showed tumors consist of uniform masses, usually well-differentiated myelocytes, lymphoid cells, or both in the liver, spleen, and kidneys. Immunohistochemical examination showed that the myelocytomatosis-positive signals were in the spleen, liver, and kidney. The PCR assay of ALV-J gp85 confirmed 545 base pairs with only 43 positive samples (75.4%). Two positive samples were sequenced and submitted to the Genbank with accession numbers (OR509852-OR509853). Phylogenetic analysis based on the gp85 gene showed that the ALV-J Dakahlia-2 isolate is genetically related to ALV-EGY/YA 2021.3, ALV-EGY/YA 2021.4, ALV-EGY/YA 2021.14, and ALV-EGY/YA 2021.9 with amino acid identity percentage 96%, 97%; 96%, 96%; respectively. Furthermore, ALV-J Sharqia-1 isolate is highly genetically correlated to ALV-EGY/YA 2021.14, and ALV-EGY/YA 2021.9, ALV-J isolate QL1, ALV-J isolate QL4, ALV-J isolate QL3, ALV-EGY/YA 2021.4 with amino acid identity percentage 97%, 97%; 98%, 97%, 97%, 95%; respectively.ConclusionsThis study confirmed that ALV-J infection had still been prevalent in broilers in Egypt, and the genetic characteristics of the isolates are diverse.

Project description:Avian leukosis virus subgroup K (ALV-K) is composed of newly emerging isolates, which, in sequence analyses, cluster separately from the well-characterized subgroups A, B, C, D, E, and J. However, it remains unclear whether ALV-K represents an independent ALV subgroup with regard to receptor usage, host range, and superinfection interference. In the present study, we examined the host range of the Chinese infectious isolate JS11C1, an ALV-K prototype, and we found substantial overlap of species that were either resistant or susceptible to ALV-A and JS11C1. Ectopic expression of the chicken tva gene in mammalian cells conferred susceptibility to JS11C1, while genetic ablation of the tva gene rendered chicken DF-1 cells resistant to infection by JS11C1. Thus, tva expression is both sufficient and necessary for JS11C1 entry. Receptor sharing was also manifested in superinfection interference, with preinfection of cells with ALV-A, but not ALV-B or ALV-J, blocking subsequent JS11C1 infection. Finally, direct binding of JS11C1 and Tva was demonstrated by preincubation of the virus with soluble Tva, which substantially decreased viral infectivity in susceptible chicken cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that JS11C1 represents a new and bona fide ALV subgroup that utilizes Tva for cell entry and binds to a site other than that for ALV-A.IMPORTANCE ALV consists of several subgroups that are particularly characterized by their receptor usage, which subsequently dictates the host range and tropism of the virus. A few newly emerging and highly pathogenic Chinese ALV strains have recently been suggested to be an independent subgroup, ALV-K, based solely on their genomic sequences. Here, we performed a series of experiments with the ALV-K strain JS11C1, which showed its dependence on the Tva cell surface receptor. Due to the sharing of this receptor with ALV-A, both subgroups were able to interfere with superinfection. Because ALV-K could become an important pathogen and a significant threat to the poultry industry in Asia, the identification of a specific receptor could help in the breeding of resistant chicken lines with receptor variants with decreased susceptibility to the virus.

Dataset Information

Molecular epidemiology of avian leukosis virus subgroup J in layer flocks in China.

Publications

Molecular epidemiology of avian leukosis virus subgroup J in layer flocks in China.

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