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Computational modeling of the potential interactions of the proteasome beta5 subunit and catechol-O-methyltransferase-resistant EGCG analogs.

ABSTRACT: (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate [(-)-EGCG] has been implicated in cancer chemoprevention and has been shown as an inhibitor of tumor proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity in vitro and in vivo. However, EGCG is subjected to rapid biotransforming modifications such as methylation by catechol-Omicron-methyltransferase (COMT) that limits its action. We recently reported that structure 7, an EGCG analog which should be resistant to COMT-mediated methylation and inactivation in cells, was able to inhibit the activity of purified 20S proteasome and cellular 26S proteasome. However, the involved molecular mechanism is unknown. Herein, we applied computational solution to understand the possible interaction between EGCG analogs including structure 7 and the proteasome beta5 subunit which is responsible for the chymotrypsin-like activity. We report that the ester carbonyls at C2 and C3 carbon atoms may be the active sites for nucleophilic attack in structure 7 and 5. Equally spaced carbon atoms in COMT-resistant structure 7 give more stable conformation and lower docked free energy than other EGCG analogs. The absence of a second gallate group in structure 16 and 21 significantly decreases the ability to inhibit the proteasome.

SUBMITTER: Kanwar J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3304469 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Computational modeling of the potential interactions of the proteasome beta5 subunit and catechol-O-methyltransferase-resistant EGCG analogs.

Kanwar Jyoti J Mohammad Imthiyaz I Yang Huanjie H Huo Congde C Chan Tak Hang TH Dou Q Ping QP

International journal of molecular medicine 20100801 2

(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate [(-)-EGCG] has been implicated in cancer chemoprevention and has been shown as an inhibitor of tumor proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity in vitro and in vivo. However, EGCG is subjected to rapid biotransforming modifications such as methylation by catechol-Omicron-methyltransferase (COMT) that limits its action. We recently reported that structure 7, an EGCG analog which should be resistant to COMT-mediated methylation and inactivation in cells, was able to inhibi ...[more]

PMID: 20596600

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Project description:Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a SAM- and Mg2+-dependent methyltransferase that regulates neurotransmitters through methylation. Simulations and experiments have identified divergent catecholamine substrate orientations in the COMT active site: molecular dynamics simulations have favored a monodentate coordination of catecholate substrates to the active site Mg2+, and crystal structures instead preserve bidentate coordination along with short (2.65 Å) methyl donor-acceptor distances. We carry out longer dynamics (up to 350 ns) to quantify interconversion between bidentate and monodentate binding poses. We provide a systematic determination of the relative free energy of the monodentate and bidentate structures in order to identify whether structural differences alter the nature of the methyl transfer mechanism and source of enzymatic rate enhancement. We demonstrate that the bidentate and monodentate binding modes are close in energy but separated by a 7 kcal/mol free energy barrier. Analysis of interactions in the two binding modes reveals that the driving force for monodentate catecholate orientations in classical molecular dynamics simulations is derived from stronger electrostatic stabilization afforded by alternate Mg2+ coordination with strongly charged active site carboxylates. Mixed semi-empirical-classical (SQM/MM) substrate C-O distances (2.7 Å) for the bidentate case are in excellent agreement with COMT X-ray crystal structures, as long as charge transfer between the substrates, Mg2+, and surrounding ligands is permitted. SQM/MM free energy barriers for methyl transfer from bidentate and monodentate catecholate configurations are comparable at around 21-22 kcal/mol, in good agreement with experiment (18-19 kcal/mol). Overall, the work suggests that both binding poses are viable for methyl transfer, and accurate descriptions of charge transfer and electrostatics are needed to provide balanced relative barriers when multiple binding poses are accessible, for example in other transferases.

Project description:BackgroundProteasomes play a central role in the major histocompatibility class I (MHCI) antigen processing pathway. They conduct the proteolytic degradation of proteins in the cytosol, generating the C-terminus of CD8 T cell epitopes and MHCI-peptide ligands (P1 residue of cleavage site). There are two types of proteasomes, the constitutive form, expressed in most cell types, and the immunoproteasome, which is constitutively expressed in mature dendritic cells. Protective CD8 T cell epitopes are likely generated by the immunoproteasome and the constitutive proteasome, and here we have modeled and analyzed the cleavage by these two proteases.ResultsWe have modeled the immunoproteasome and proteasome cleavage sites upon two non-overlapping sets of peptides consisting of 553 CD8 T cell epitopes, naturally processed and restricted by human MHCI molecules, and 382 peptides eluted from human MHCI molecules, respectively, using N-grams. Cleavage models were generated considering different epitope and MHCI-eluted fragment lengths and the same number of C-terminal flanking residues. Models were evaluated in 5-fold cross-validation. Judging by the Mathew's Correlation Coefficient (MCC), optimal cleavage models for the proteasome (MCC = 0.43 ± 0.07) and the immunoproteasome (MCC = 0.36 ± 0.06) were obtained from 12-residue peptide fragments. Using an independent dataset consisting of 137 HIV1-specific CD8 T cell epitopes, the immunoproteasome and proteasome cleavage models achieved MCC values of 0.30 and 0.18, respectively, comparatively better than those achieved by related methods. Using ROC analyses, we have also shown that, combined with MHCI-peptide binding predictions, cleavage predictions by the immunoproteasome and proteasome models significantly increase the discovery rate of CD8 T cell epitopes restricted by different MHCI molecules, including A*0201, A*0301, A*2402, B*0702, B*2705.ConclusionsWe have developed models that are specific to predict cleavage by the proteasome and the immunoproteasome. These models ought to be instrumental to identify protective CD8 T cell epitopes and are readily available for free public use at http://imed.med.ucm.es/Tools/PCPS/.

Project description:Background & aimsThe etiology of abdominal pain in postinfectious, diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS-D) is unknown, and few treatment options exist. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme that inactivates and degrades biologically active catecholamines, plays an important role in numerous physiologic processes, including modulation of pain perception. Our objective was to determine the mechanism(s) of how decreased colonic COMT in PI-IBS-D patients contributes to the chronic abdominal pain phenotype after enteric infections.MethodsColon neurons, epithelial cells, and macrophages were procured with laser capture microdissection from PI-IBS-D patients to evaluate cell-specific colonic COMT, microRNA-155 (miR-155), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α expression levels compared to recovered patients (infection cleared: did not develop PI-IBS-D) and control individuals. COMT-/-, colon-specific COMT-/-, and miR-155-/- mice and human colonoids were used to model phenotypic expression of COMT in PI-IBS-D patients and to investigate signaling pathways linking abdominal pain. Citrobacter rodentium and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid animal models were used to model postinflammatory changes seen in PI-IBS-D patients.ResultsColonic COMT levels were significantly decreased and correlated with increased visual analog scale abdominal pain ratings in PI-IBS-D patients compared to recovered patients and control individuals. Colonic miR-155 and TNF-α were increased in PI-IBS-D patients with diminished colonic COMT. COMT-/- mice had significantly increased expression of miR-155 and TNF-α in both colon tissues and dorsal root ganglia. Introduction of cV1q antibody (anti-TNF-α) into mice reversed visceral hypersensitivity after C rodentium and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid.ConclusionsDecreased colonic COMT in PI-IBS-D patients drives abdominal pain phenotypes via the COMT/miR-155/TNF-α axis. These important findings will allow new treatment paradigms and more targeted and personalized medicine approaches for gastrointestinal disorders after enteric infections.

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Computational modeling of the potential interactions of the proteasome beta5 subunit and catechol-O-methyltransferase-resistant EGCG analogs.

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Computational modeling of the potential interactions of the proteasome beta5 subunit and catechol-O-methyltransferase-resistant EGCG analogs.

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