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Central angiotensin type 1 receptor blockade decreases cardiac but not renal sympathetic nerve activity in heart failure.

ABSTRACT: In heart failure (HF), cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (SNA; CSNA) is increased, which has detrimental effects on the heart and promotes arrhythmias and sudden death. There is evidence that the central renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in stimulating renal SNA in HF. Because SNA to individual organs is differentially controlled, we have investigated whether central angiotensin receptor blockade decreases CSNA in HF. We simultaneously recorded CSNA and renal SNA in conscious normal sheep and in sheep with HF induced by rapid ventricular pacing (ejection fraction: <40%). The effect of blockade of central angiotensin type 1 receptors by intracerebroventricular infusion of losartan (1 mg/h for 5 hours) on resting levels and baroreflex control of CSNA and renal SNA were determined. In addition, the levels of angiotensin receptors in central autonomic nuclei were determined using autoradiography. Sheep in HF had a large increase in CSNA (43±2 to 88±3 bursts per 100 heart beats; P<0.05) and heart rate, with no effect on renal SNA. In HF, central infusion of losartan for 5 hours significantly reduced the baseline levels of CSNA (to 69±5 bursts per 100 heart beats) and heart rate. Losartan had no effect in normal animals. In HF, angiotensin receptor levels were increased in the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus but reduced in the area postrema and nucleus tractus solitarius. In summary, infusion of losartan reduced the elevated levels of CNSA in an ovine model of HF, indicating that central angiotensin receptors play a critical role in stimulating the increased sympathetic activity to the heart.

SUBMITTER: Ramchandra R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3305814 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Central angiotensin type 1 receptor blockade decreases cardiac but not renal sympathetic nerve activity in heart failure.

Ramchandra Rohit R Hood Sally G SG Watson Anna M D AM Allen Andrew M AM May Clive N CN

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20120206 3

In heart failure (HF), cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (SNA; CSNA) is increased, which has detrimental effects on the heart and promotes arrhythmias and sudden death. There is evidence that the central renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in stimulating renal SNA in HF. Because SNA to individual organs is differentially controlled, we have investigated whether central angiotensin receptor blockade decreases CSNA in HF. We simultaneously recorded CSNA and renal SNA in conscious nor ...[more]

PMID: 22311902

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Project description:The aim of the present study was to determine if renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) may alleviate isoproterenol-induced left ventricle remodeling, and to identify the underlying mechanism. A total of 70 rats were randomly divided into control (n=15), sham operation (n=15), heart failure (HF) with sham operation (HF + sham; n=20) and HF with treatment (HF + RSD; n=20) groups. The HF model was established by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol; six weeks later, 1eft ventricular internal diameter at end‑systole (LVIDs), left ventricular systolic posterior wall thickness (LVPWs), 1eft ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) were measured. Plasma norepinephrine (NE), angiotensin II (Ang II) and aldosterone (ALD) levels were measured by ELISA. Myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF) was determined by Masson's staining. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of ventricular transforming growth factor‑β (TGF‑β), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and microRNAs (miRs), including miR‑29b, miR‑30c and miR‑133a. The results demonstrated that LVIDs and LVPWs in the HF + RSD group were significantly decreased compared with the HF + sham group. By contrast, LVFS and LVEF in the HF + RSD group were significantly increased compared with the HF + sham group. RSD significantly reduced the levels of plasma NE, Ang II and ALD. CVF in the HF + RSD group was reduced by 38.1% compared with the HF + sham group. Expression levels of TGF‑β and CTGF were decreased, whereas those of miR‑29b, miR‑30c and miR‑133a were increased, in the HF + RSD group compared with the HF + sham group. These results indicated that RSD alleviates isoproterenol‑induced left ventricle remodeling potentially via downregulation of TGF‑β/CTGF and upregulation of miR‑29b, miR‑30c and miR‑133a. RSD may therefore be an effective non‑drug therapy for the treatment of heart failure.

Project description:Angiotensin II (Ang II), acting via angiotensin type 1 receptors in the brain, activates the sympathetic nervous system in heart failure (HF). We reported recently that Ang II stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) to upregulate brain angiotensin type 1 receptors in HF rats. In this study we tested the hypothesis that Ang II-activated MAPK signaling pathways contribute to sympathetic excitation in HF. Intracerebroventricular administration of PD98059 and UO126, 2 selective p44/42 MAPK inhibitors, induced significant decreases in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and renal sympathetic nerve activity in HF rats, but had no effect on these variables in sham-operated rats. Pretreatment with losartan attenuated the effects of PD98059. Intracerebroventricular administration of the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125 had no effect on mean arterial pressure, heart rate, or renal sympathetic nerve activity in HF. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 induced a small decrease in mean arterial pressure and heart rate but no change in renal sympathetic nerve activity. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated increased p44/42 MAPK activity in neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus of HF rats, colocalized with Fra-like activity (indicating chronic neuronal excitation). Intracerebroventricular PD98059 and UO126 reduced Fra-like activity in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus neurons in HF rats. In confirmatory acute studies, intracerebroventricular Ang II increased mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and renal sympathetic nerve activity in baroreceptor-denervated rats and Fra-like immunoreactivity in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus of neurally intact rats. Central administration of PD98059 markedly reduced these responses. These data demonstrate that intracellular p44/42 MAPK activity contributes to Ang II-induced neuronal excitation in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and augmented sympathetic nerve activity in rats with HF.

Dataset Information

Central angiotensin type 1 receptor blockade decreases cardiac but not renal sympathetic nerve activity in heart failure.

Publications

Central angiotensin type 1 receptor blockade decreases cardiac but not renal sympathetic nerve activity in heart failure.

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