Dataset Information

HIV-1 Subtype distribution in morocco based on national sentinel surveillance data 2004-2005.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Little is known about HIV-1 subtype distribution in Morocco. Some data suggest an emergence of new HIV subtypes. We conducted phylogenetic analysis on a nationally representative sample of 60 HIV-1 viral specimens collected during 2004-2005 through the Morocco national HIV sentinel surveillance survey. RESULTS: While subtype B is still the most prevalent, 23.3% of samples represented non-B subtypes, the majority of which were classified as CRF02_AG (15%). Molecular clock analysis confirmed that the initial introduction of HIV-1B in Morocco probably came from Europe in the early 1980s. In contrast, the CRF02_AG strain appeared to be introduced from sub-Saharan Africa in two separate events in the 1990s. CONCLUSIONS: Subtype CRF02_AG has been emerging in Morocco since the 1990s. More information about the factors introducing HIV subtype-specific transmission will inform the prevention strategy in the region.

SUBMITTER: Akrim M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3308925 | biostudies-literature | 2012

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

HIV-1 Subtype distribution in morocco based on national sentinel surveillance data 2004-2005.

Akrim Mohammed M Lemrabet Sanae S Elharti Elmir E Gray Rebecca R RR Tardy Jean Claude JC Cook Robert L RL Salemi Marco M Andre Patrice P Azarian Taj T Aouad Rajae El RE

AIDS research and therapy 20120214 1

<h4>Background</h4>Little is known about HIV-1 subtype distribution in Morocco. Some data suggest an emergence of new HIV subtypes. We conducted phylogenetic analysis on a nationally representative sample of 60 HIV-1 viral specimens collected during 2004-2005 through the Morocco national HIV sentinel surveillance survey.<h4>Results</h4>While subtype B is still the most prevalent, 23.3% of samples represented non-B subtypes, the majority of which were classified as CRF02_AG (15%). Molecular clock ...[more]

PMID: 22333070

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundHuman Immunodeficiency Virus infection (HIV) remains a public health concern in Cameroon that requires regular surveillance for informed policy-making to guide programmatic interventions. Using data from the 2016 HIV national sentinel survey in Cameroon, we ascertained HIV prevalence and factors associated with risk of infection among pregnant women.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted throughout 2016 in the 10 regions of Cameroon, targeting 7000 first antenatal care (ANC-1) attendees (4000 from urban and 3000 from rural areas) in 60 sentinel health facilities. HIV serological test was performed using the national serial algorithm at the National Reference Laboratory (NRL). Prevalence was determined, and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess determinants of HIV infection, with p-value<0.05 considered statistically significant.ResultsOf the 7000 targeted participants, a total of 6859 first ANC-1 attendees were enrolled (98.0% sampling coverage). Median age was 26 [IQR: 21-30] years and 47,40% had a secondary school level of education. The national prevalence of HIV was 5.70% (95% CI: 4.93-6.40) and range from 9.7% in East region to 2.6% in North region. The prevalence was 5.58% (95% CI: 95%: 4.88-6.35) in urban and 5.87% (95% CI: 5.04-6.78) in rural settings. Factors that were associated with HIV infection included marital status, women who were married or living with their partner are less likely to be infected than singles women (aOR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.46-0.78), multiparity [aOR = 1.5(95%CI:1.0-2.2)] and been living in the Centre, East, North-west and South-west regions. HIV infection was also significantly associated with age, with the risk of being infected increasing with age.ConclusionPregnant women in Cameroon are still disproportionately infected with HIV compared with the general population (prevalence 4.3%). Preventive actions to curb the epidemic amongst pregnant women should prioritize interventions targeting single pregnant women, who are older, and residing particularly in the Centre, East, North West and South West regions of the country.

Project description:The purpose of national HIV surveillance is to track and summarize trends in newly diagnosed cases as an indicator of HIV transmission within Canada, and supports the development and evaluation of programs and policies for prevention, testing and delivery of care. Accurately capturing and interpreting trends in HIV diagnoses within national surveillance becomes complicated when there is movement of people within a country or when individuals are diagnosed with HIV prior to migrating to a new country. This has been identified as an issue in other countries, including Australia, New Zealand and Switzerland. The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) recently assessed this in Canada after noting a rise in new HIV cases in Canada between 2014 to 2017. An environmental scan was conducted to better understand how new and previously diagnosed cases of HIV were recorded by and reported to PHAC from provincial and territorial (PT) public health authorities. It was discovered there was variation with respect to the reporting of cases who had received a new diagnosis of HIV within the province or territory, but who had previously received an HIV diagnosis from another PT or another country. Five PTs included cases previously diagnosed in another Canadian PT within the HIV surveillance data reported to PHAC and nine PTs included people who were diagnosed with HIV outside of Canada. The provincial and territorial public health authorities then reviewed HIV surveillance data from 2007 to 2017 to identify cases using a common definition of "previous HIV-positive test result". This included any case who gave a history, or had laboratory evidence, of an HIV-positive result from another PT or another country before presenting for care in the province or territory where they now resided. When these cases were subtracted from the total, a revised number of new HIV diagnoses was calculated for Canada. Re-analysis of surveillance data using this common definition for 2007 to 2017 explained more than half of the increase in HIV cases that had been documented in Canada over the last four years. In the future, national surveillance data will be calculated adopting this new common definition of a previous positive test result, in order to more accurately describe the trends in HIV transmission occurring in Canada.

Project description:Malaria remains the most common specific cause of fever in returned travellers and can be life-threatening. We examined demographic and travel correlates of malaria among Canadian travellers and immigrants to identify groups for targeted pretravel intervention.Descriptive data on ill returned Canadian travellers and immigrants presenting to a CanTravNet site between 2004 and 2014 with a diagnosis of malaria were analyzed. Data were collected using the GeoSentinel data platform. This network comprises 63 specialized travel and tropical medicine clinics, including 7 Canadian sites (Vancouver, Calgary, Toronto, Ottawa, Winnipeg and Montréal), that contribute anonymous, delinked, clinician- and questionnaire-based travel surveillance data on all ill travellers examined to a centralized Structure Query Language database.During the study period, 20?345 travellers and immigrants were evaluated, and 93% had a travel-related diagnosis. Of these, 437 (2.1%) patients received 456 malaria diagnoses, the most common species being Plasmodium falciparum (n = 282, 61.8%). People travelling to visit friends and relatives were most well-represented (n = 169, 38.7%), followed by business travellers (n = 71, 16.2%). Sub-Saharan Africa was the most common source region, accounting for 341 (74.8%) malaria diagnoses, followed by South Central Asia (n = 55, 12%). Nigeria was the most well-represented source country, accounting for 41 cases (9.0%). India, a high-volume destination for Canadians, accounted for 40 cases (8.8%), 36 of which were caused by Plasmodium vivax. Of 456 malaria diagnoses, 26 (5.7%) were severe. Of 377 nonimmigrant travellers with malaria, 19.9% (n = 75) travelled for less than 2 weeks, and 7.2% (n = 27) travelled for less than 1 week.This analysis provides an epidemiologic framework for Canadian practitioners encountering prospective and returned travellers. It confirms the importance of preventive measures and surveillance associated with travel to sub-Saharan Africa and India, particularly by travellers visiting friends or relatives. Short-duration travel confers important malaria risk.

Project description:Dynamics of HIV epidemic are largely understudied among men having sex with men (MSM) in India, while their potentially critical role in HIV spread is often stressed. Unfortunately, the epidemic has probably concentrated in this hard-to-reach population in the north-eastern high HIV-prevalent areas, especially in the bordering state of Nagaland, where HIV prevalence among MSM was found to be 2nd highest in the whole country. Dearth of information regarding the socio-behavioral correlates of HIV acquisition among MSM in this remote hilly region thus called for detailed analyses of the HIV Sentinel Surveillance (HSS) data.During the first ever conducted HSS among MSM in Nagaland, between March and May, 2011, as per the operational guideline of Indian National AIDS Control Program, 243 MSM were recruited, interviewed and tested for HIV. Anonymous data on socio-demographics, sexual behavior and laboratory results were analyzed using SAS version-9.2 to conduct descriptive and logistic regression analyses.Among the recruited MSM, mean age was 28.30 years, 46.09% were illiterate, 27.16% were unemployed, 57.02% identified them as Kothi (predominantly receptive anal sex partner), 14.81% were bisexual, 19.75% exchanged money for sex (within last 1 year) with men and 13.58% were HIV sero-positive. Increasing age (for 25-34yrs, adjusted odds ratio: AOR = 3.89, p = 0.046; reference = <25yrs), middle school (AOR = 3.44, p = 0.046) or higher (AOR = 4.47, p = 0.034) education (reference = illiterate), being Kothi [AOR = 3.60, p = 0.026; reference = double-decker: (involved in both insertive and receptive roles)] and having paid and received money for sex with a man (AOR = 7.32, p = 0.026; reference = didn't exchange money) were strongly associated with higher risk of HIV in both bivariate and multivariate analyses.HIV burden was found to be alarmingly high among MSM in Nagaland. Targeted interventions for high-risk MSM, especially those who were older, educated, self-identified as kothis and involved in paid sex, seemed to be the need of the hour.

Dataset Information

HIV-1 Subtype distribution in morocco based on national sentinel surveillance data 2004-2005.

Publications

HIV-1 Subtype distribution in morocco based on national sentinel surveillance data 2004-2005.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets