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Gender and Material Transfers between Older Parents and Children in Ismailia, Egypt.

ABSTRACT: In Egypt, kin relations have been governed by a patriarchal contract, which defines expectations for intergenerational support along gendered lines. Social changes may be disrupting these customs and bringing attention to the ways gender may influence intergenerational support in rapidly changing contexts. Using data from 4,465 parent-child dyads in Ismailia, Egypt, we examined whether intergenerational material transfers favored women over men and whether gaps in needs and endowments accounted for gender differences in transfers. Fathers gave children money and goods more often than did mothers; mothers received material transfers from children more often than did fathers. Compared to sons, daughters made transfers to parents less often and received transfers from parents more often. We found residual advantages to mothers and daughters, even adjusting for differential needs and endowments. Findings corroborate persistent norms of gender complementarity, patrilocal endogamy, and reciprocation for women's caregiving, despite changes that have threatened patriarchal rules of exchange.

SUBMITTER: Yount KM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3309706 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Gender and Material Transfers between Older Parents and Children in Ismailia, Egypt.

Yount Kathryn M KM Cunningham Solveig A SA Engelman Michal M Agree Emily M EM

Journal of marriage and the family 20120201 1

In Egypt, kin relations have been governed by a patriarchal contract, which defines expectations for intergenerational support along gendered lines. Social changes may be disrupting these customs and bringing attention to the ways gender may influence intergenerational support in rapidly changing contexts. Using data from 4,465 parent-child dyads in Ismailia, Egypt, we examined whether intergenerational material transfers favored women over men and whether gaps in needs and endowments accounted ...[more]

PMID: 22448075

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Project description:BackgroundParenting practices influence children's health and development. The current study aimed at assessing gender differences in children's perception of the parenting practices of both parents, and in the association between children's oral health behaviors and parenting practices.MethodsA cross-sectional household survey of 6-12 year old children was conducted in a rural area in Northwestern Egypt in 2019. Clinical examination assessed caries and gingivitis. The Alabama Parenting Questionnaire assessed parenting practices in five domains (positive parenting, involvement, inconsistent disciplining, poor monitoring and corporal punishment) and the World Health Organization questionnaire assessed oral health behaviors including sugar consumption and daily toothbrushing. Sugar consumption was the dependent variable in linear regression and daily toothbrushing was the dependent variable in logistic regression. Parenting practices were the explanatory variables adjusting for confounders. Effect modification by child gender was assessed.ResultsThe response rate was 94.1% (n = 433), mean age = 9.9 years, 44.1% boys, 17.8% with daily toothbrushing and mean sugar consumption score = 3.4/8. Girls perceived more mothers' positive parenting than boys (mean = 14.15 and 13.46) and boys perceived more poor monitoring and corporal punishment. Boys and girls differed in the association between sugar consumption and fathers' inconsistent disciplining, poor monitoring (P = 0.004 and 0.02) and mothers' corporal punishment (P = 0.02), and also daily toothbrushing and mothers' involvement, positive parenting (P = 0.05 and 0.02), fathers' positive parenting (P = 0.02), mothers' inconsistent discipling and poor monitoring (P = 0.01 and 0.04).ConclusionsThere were differences between boys and girls in perceiving mothers' and fathers' parenting practices and in the association between these parenting practices and toothbrushing and sugar consumption.

Dataset Information

Gender and Material Transfers between Older Parents and Children in Ismailia, Egypt.

Publications

Gender and Material Transfers between Older Parents and Children in Ismailia, Egypt.

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