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Study factors influencing ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: a 20 year follow-up meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT: A meta-analysis was performed on studies employing the ventricular-brain ratio to compare schizophrenic subjects to that of normal controls. This was a follow-up to a similar meta-analysis published in 1992 in which study-, in addition to clinical-, factors were found to contribute significantly to the reported difference between patients with schizophrenia and controls. Seventy-two (N=72) total studies were identified from the peer reviewed literature, 39 from the original meta-analysis, and 33 additional studies published since which met strict criteria for inclusion and analysis - thus representing ~30 years of schizophrenia ventricular enlargement research. Sample characteristics from schizophrenics and controls were coded for use as predictor variables against within sample VBR values as well as for between sample VBR differences. Additionally, a number of factors concerning how the studies were conducted and reported were also coded. Obtained data was subjected to unweighted univariate as well as multiple regression analyses. In particular, results indicated significant differences between schizophrenics and controls in ventricular size but also the influence of the diagnostic criteria used to define schizophrenia on the magnitude of the reported VBR. This suggests that differing factors of the diagnostic criteria may be sensitive to ventricular enlargement and might be worthy of further examination. Interestingly, we observed an inverse relationship between VBR difference and the number of co-authors on the study. This latter finding suggests that larger research groups report smaller VBR differences and may be more conservative or exacting in their research methodology. Analyses weighted by sample size provided identical conclusions. The effects of study factors such as these are helpful for understanding the variation in the size of the reported differences in VBR between patients and controls as well as for understanding the evolution of research on complex clinical syndromes employing neuroimaging morphometrics.

SUBMITTER: Sayo A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3319053 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Study factors influencing ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: a 20 year follow-up meta-analysis.

Sayo Angelo A Jennings Robin G RG Van Horn John Darrell JD

NeuroImage 20110720 1

A meta-analysis was performed on studies employing the ventricular-brain ratio to compare schizophrenic subjects to that of normal controls. This was a follow-up to a similar meta-analysis published in 1992 in which study-, in addition to clinical-, factors were found to contribute significantly to the reported difference between patients with schizophrenia and controls. Seventy-two (N=72) total studies were identified from the peer reviewed literature, 39 from the original meta-analysis, and 33 ...[more]

PMID: 21787868

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Project description:BackgroundTo date, few reports have evaluated the long-term outcome of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) and the factors influencing the long-term outcome of this procedure are uncertain.MethodsA total of 91 patients underwent PKP for thoracolumbar OVCFs from June 2012 to December 2012. Pain Visual Analogue Scores (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were recorded preoperatively and after 10-year follow-up. Factors that may affect surgical outcome, such as gender, age, height, weight, hypertension, diabetes, cause of injury, fracture segment, length of hospitalization, history of previous spinal surgery, preoperative bone mineral density (BMD), preoperative VAS and ODI scores, length of surgery, bone cement dosage, postoperative standardized anti-osteoporosis treatment, and other new vertebral fractures, were analyzed by multiple linear regression with VAS and ODI scores at the last follow-up. The correlation factors affecting the efficacy were analyzed.ResultsThe preoperative and final follow-up pain VAS was 7.9 ± 1.1 and 2.2 ± 1.1. ODI scores were 30.4 ± 4.2 and 10.7 ± 2.6. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Most of the patients were females aged 65-75 years who suffered low-energy injuries, with most of the fracture segments in the thoracolumbar region (T11-L2). At the final follow-up visit, 12 cases (13.19%) developed other new vertebral fractures, and 33 cases (36.26%) continued to adhere to anti-osteoporosis treatment after discharge. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that there was a statistical difference between gender and VAS score at the last follow-up (P < 0.05), and between age, cause of injury and postoperative standardized anti-osteoporosis treatment and ODI at the last follow-up (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the other factors and the final follow-up VAS and ODI scores (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe long-term outcome after PKP is satisfactory. Age, gender, cause of injury, and standardized postoperative anti-osteoporosis treatment may be factors affecting the long-term outcome.

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Study factors influencing ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: a 20 year follow-up meta-analysis.

Publications

Study factors influencing ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: a 20 year follow-up meta-analysis.

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