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Applications of control theory to the dynamics and propagation of cardiac action potentials.

ABSTRACT: Sudden cardiac arrest is a widespread cause of death in the industrialized world. Most cases of sudden cardiac arrest are due to ventricular fibrillation (VF), a lethal cardiac arrhythmia. Electrophysiological abnormalities such as alternans (a beat-to-beat alternation in action potential duration) and conduction block have been suspected to contribute to the onset of VF. This study focuses on the use of control-systems techniques to analyze and design methods for suppressing these precursor factors. Control-systems tools, specifically controllability analysis and Lyapunov stability methods, were applied to a two-variable Karma model of the action-potential (AP) dynamics of a single cell, to analyze the effectiveness of strategies for suppressing AP abnormalities. State-feedback-integral (SFI) control was then applied to a Purkinje fiber simulated with the Karma model, where only one stimulating electrode was used to affect the system. SFI control converted both discordant alternans and 2:1 conduction block back toward more normal patterns, over a wider range of fiber lengths and pacing intervals compared with a Pyragas-type chaos controller. The advantages conferred by using feedback from multiple locations in the fiber, and using integral (i.e., memory) terms in the controller, are discussed.

SUBMITTER: Munoz LM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3319447 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Applications of control theory to the dynamics and propagation of cardiac action potentials.

Muñoz Laura M LM Stockton Jonathan F JF Otani Niels F NF

Annals of biomedical engineering 20100421 9

Sudden cardiac arrest is a widespread cause of death in the industrialized world. Most cases of sudden cardiac arrest are due to ventricular fibrillation (VF), a lethal cardiac arrhythmia. Electrophysiological abnormalities such as alternans (a beat-to-beat alternation in action potential duration) and conduction block have been suspected to contribute to the onset of VF. This study focuses on the use of control-systems techniques to analyze and design methods for suppressing these precursor fac ...[more]

PMID: 20407833

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Project description:Spreading depolarizations (SDs) of gray matter occur in the brain in different pathologic conditions, and cause varying degrees of tissue damage depending on the extent of metabolic burden on the tissue. As might be expected for such large depolarizations, neurons exhibit bursts of action potentials (APs) as the wave propagates. However, the specific role of APs in SD propagation is unclear. This is potentially consequential, since sodium channel modulation has not been considered as a therapeutic target for SD-associated disorders, because of ambiguous experimental evidence. Using whole-cell electrophysiology and single-photon imaging in acute cortical slices from male C57Bl6 mice, we tested the effects of AP blockade on SDs generated by two widely used induction paradigms. We found that AP blockade using tetrodotoxin (TTX) restricted propagation of focally induced SDs, and significantly reduced the amplitude of neuronal depolarization, as well as its Ca2+ load. TTX also abolished the suppression of spontaneous synaptic activity that is a hallmark of focally induced SD. In contrast, TTX did not affect the propagation of SD induced by global superfusion of high [K+]e containing artificial CSF (ACSF). Thus, we show that voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav)-mediated neuronal AP bursts are critical for the propagation and downstream effects of focally induced SD but are less important when the ionic balance of the extracellular space is already compromised. In doing so we corroborate the notion that two different SD induction paradigms, each relevant to different clinical situations, vary significantly in their characteristics and potentially their response to treatment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our findings suggest that voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav) channels have a critical role in the propagation and downstream neural effects of focally induced spreading depolarization (SD). As SDs are likely induced focally in many disease conditions, these studies support sodium channel modulation, a previously underappreciated therapeutic option in SD-associated disorders, as a viable approach.

Dataset Information

Applications of control theory to the dynamics and propagation of cardiac action potentials.

Publications

Applications of control theory to the dynamics and propagation of cardiac action potentials.

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