Fatal babesiosis in man, Finland, 2004.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Haapasalo K
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3321911 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC3966382 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC2874427 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious mainly bacterial infection associated with high mortality. Epidemiology of fatal IE is however largely unknown. We studied occurrence and trends of fatal IE in a population-based setting. METHODS:All adults (?18?years of age) who deceased due to IE in Finland during 2004-2016 were studied. Data was collected from the nationwide, obligatory Cause of Death Registry. Background population consisted of 28,657,870 person-years and 651,556 deaths. RESULTS:Infective endocarditis contributed to death in 754 cases and was the underlying cause of death in 352 cases. The standardized incidence rate of deaths associated with IE was 1.42 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32-1.52) per 100,000 person-years. Incidence rate increased progressively with aging from 50?years of age. Men had a two-fold risk of acquiring fatal infective endocarditis compared to women (risk ratio (RR) 1.95; 95% CI: 1.71-2.22; P?<?0.0001). On average, IE contributed to 1.16 (95% CI: 1.08-1.24) out of 1000 deaths in general adult population. The proportionate amount of deaths with IE was highest in population aged <?40?years followed by gradual decrease with aging. Incidence rate and proportion of deaths caused by IE remained stable during the study period. CONCLUSIONS:Our study describes for the first time the population-based epidemiology of fatal IE in adults. Men had a two-fold risk of acquiring fatal IE compared to women. Although occurrence of fatal IE increased with aging, the proportion of deaths to which IE contributed was highest in young adult population.
| S-EPMC6873758 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIn Europe, Babesia infections in cats are sporadic and only partial knowledge is currently available since the number of described cases including both the clinical presentation and the molecular identification of the Babesia species involved is limited. In the present case report, the clinical signs, the epidemiological data and the molecular results suggest that this is the first reported fatal case of feline babesiosis caused by Babesia canis.Case presentationA six month old female European shorthair cat from north-western Spain died after being hospitalized for two days. This animal was pregnant and showed anorexia, lethargy, weakness, jaundice and fever with increased respiratory and heart rates. Haematological analysis revealed haemolytic regenerative anaemia, thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis. The presence of piroplasms was assessed using a PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene of Babesia spp. and Theileria spp.; the sample resulted positive and B. canis was identified by DNA sequence analysis. The possible existence of co-infections with other vector-borne pathogens such as Anaplasma spp., Bartonella spp., Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., Cytauxzoon spp., Ehrlichia spp., Hepatozoon canis, Mycoplasma spp. or Rickettsia spp. was excluded by qPCR.ConclusionsOur results together with previous reports on Babesia infections in cats from Europe suggest that feline babesiosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of animals with anaemia, thrombocytopenia, anorexia and lethargy, especially in young or immunocompromised animals from endemic areas for canine babesiosis.
| S-EPMC9107175 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThis study (1) provides annual population estimates of fatal and nonfatal injury incidence rates for older adults for 2004-2017; (2) determines if trends differ by whether the injury was fatal or nonfatal, a fall or nonfall injury, and for nonfatal injuries, minor or serious; and (3) investigates whether trends vary by age, sex, and race.MethodsThis study used National Vital Statistics System and National Health Interview Survey data covering the population of adults aged ≥65 years for 2004-2017. Fatal injury incidence rates were estimated using negative binomial models; nonfatal injury incidence rates were estimated using Poisson models. All models compared overall risk and trend differences by year, age, sex, and race, and interactions between year and age, sex, and race. All analyses were conducted in 2019.ResultsFatal injury incidence was stable over time, but this apparent stability masked a 35% increase in fatal falls and a 17% decrease in fatal nonfall injuries. Increases in fall-related deaths were concentrated among those aged ≥85 years, men, and white older adults. The trend in fatal falls accelerated over time for those aged ≥85 years and white older adults. By contrast, there was a large increase in nonfatal injury incidence, occurring across all injury types. Nonfatal injury risk grew with age and was higher for women and white older adults, but trends did not vary by age, sex, or race.ConclusionsLarge increases in fatal and nonfatal injuries underscore the urgency of national implementation of fall prevention programs and expanding fall prevention efforts to more general injury prevention.
| S-EPMC7311304 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Bacillus cereus is a gram-positive rod bacterium that is responsible for food poisoning. It is naturally widely distributed, and thus often contaminates cultures. Although it is rarely considered responsible, it can cause serious infections under certain conditions. However, lethal infections, especially in immunocompetent patients, are rare. CASE PRESENTATION:A healthy 60-year-old man developed community-acquired B. cereus pneumonia and alveolar hemorrhage unveiled by abrupt chest pain and hemoptysis with no other advance symptoms. B. cereus induced silent alveolar destruction without any local or systemic inflammatory response. Although the lesion resembled lung anthrax, there was no evidence of Bacillus anthracis toxin. CONCLUSIONS:Some isolates of B. cereus can cause anthrax-like fulminant necrotizing pneumonia in immunocompetent patients. If this type of B. cereus were used as a means of bioterrorism, it may be quite difficult to recognize as bioterrorism. We should keep B. cereus in mind as a potential pathogen of fulminant human infectious disease.
| S-EPMC6391836 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Abstract Argininosuccinate lyase deficiency (ASLD, MIM #207900) is an inherited urea cycle disorder. There are mainly two clinical forms, an acute neonatal form which manifests as life‐threatening hyperammonemia, and a late‐onset form characterised by polymorphic neuro‐cognitive or psychiatric presentation with transient hyperammonemia episodes. Here, we report a late‐onset case of ASLD in a 72‐year‐old man carrying a homozygous pathogenic variant in the exon 16 of the ASL gene, presenting for the first time with fatal hyperammonemic coma. This case report shows the need to systematically carry out an ammonia assay when faced with an unexplained coma.
| S-EPMC8574183 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In most locations except for Russia, tick-borne encephalitis is mainly caused by the European virus subtype. In 2015, fatal infections caused by European and Siberian tick-borne encephalitis virus subtypes in the same Ixodes ricinus tick focus in Finland raised concern over further spread of the Siberian subtype among widespread tick species.
| S-EPMC5938788 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Finland has the fourth highest injury mortality rate in the European Union. To better understand the causes of the high injury rate, and prevent these fatal injuries, studies are needed. Therefore, we set out to complete an analysis of the epidemiology of fatal trauma, and any contributory role for alcohol, long suspected to promote fatal injuries. As a study area, we chose the four northernmost counties of Finland; their mix of remote rural areas and urban centres allowed us to correlate mortality rates with 'rurality'.The Causes of Death Register was consulted to identify deaths from external causes over a 5-year time period. Data were retrieved from death certificates, autopsy reports and medical records. The municipalities studied were classified as either rural or urban.Of 2915 deaths categorized as occurring from external causes during our study period, 1959 were eligible for inclusion in our study. The annual crude mortality rate was 54 per 100,000 inhabitants; this rate was higher in rural vs. urban municipalities (65 vs. 45 per 100,000 inhabitants/year). Additionally, a greater number of pre-hospital deaths from accidental high-energy trauma occurred in rural areas (78 vs. 69%). 42% of all pre-hospital deaths occurred under the influence of alcohol.The crude mortality rate for fatal injuries was high overall as compared to other studies, and elevated in rural areas, where pre-hospital deaths were more common. Almost half of pre-hospital deaths occurred under the influence of alcohol.
| S-EPMC4849198 | biostudies-other
Project description: Many countries worldwide have reported increasing numbers of emm89 group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections during last decade. Pathogen genetic factors linked to this increase need assessment. We investigated epidemiological characteristics of emm89 GAS bacteremic infections, including 7-day and 30-day case-fatality rates, in Finland during 2004-2014 and linked them to whole-genome sequencing data obtained from corresponding strains. The Fisher exact test and exact logistic regression were used to compare differences between bacteremic infections due to emm89 GAS belonging to different genetic clades and subclades. Out of 1928 cases of GAS bacteremic infection, 278 were caused by emm89 GAS. We identified 2 genetically distinct clades, arbitrarily designated clade 2 and clade 3. Both clades were present during 2004-2008, but clade 3 increased rapidly from 2009 onward. Six subclades (designated subclades A-F) were identified within clade 3, based on phylogenetic core genome analysis. The case-fatality rate differed significantly between subclades (P < .05), with subclade D having the highest 30-day estimated case-fatality rate (19% vs 3%-14%). A new emm89 clone, clade 3, emerged in 2009 and spread rapidly in Finland. Patients infected with certain subclades of clade 3 were significantly more likely to die. A specific polymerase chain reaction assay was developed to follow the spread of subclade D in 2015.
| S-EPMC5142090 | biostudies-other