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Spin delocalization over type zero copper.

ABSTRACT: Hard-ligand, high-potential copper sites have been characterized in double mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin (C112D/M121X (X = L, F, I)). These sites feature a small A(zz)(Cu) splitting in the EPR spectrum together with enhanced electron transfer activity. Due to these unique properties, these constructs have been called "type zero" copper sites. In contrast, the single mutant, C112D, features a large A(zz)(Cu) value characteristic of the typical type 2 Cu(II). In general, A(zz)(Cu) comprises contributions from Fermi contact, spin dipolar, and orbital dipolar terms. In order to understand the origin of the low A(zz)(Cu) value of type zero Cu(II), we explored in detail its degree of covalency, as manifested by spin delocalization over its ligands, which affects A(zz)(Cu) through the Fermi contact and spin dipolar contributions. This was achieved by the application of several complementary EPR hyperfine spectroscopic techniques at X- and W-band (?9.5 and 95 GHz, respectively) frequencies to map the ligand hyperfine couplings. Our results show that spin delocalization over the ligands in type zero Cu(II) is different from that of type 2 Cu(II) in the single C112D mutant. The (14)N hyperfine couplings of the coordinated histidine nitrogens are smaller by about 25-40%, whereas that of the (13)C carboxylate of D112 is about 50% larger. From this comparison, we concluded that the spin delocalization of type zero copper over its ligands is not dramatically larger than in type 2 C112D. Therefore, the reduced A(zz)(Cu) value of type zero Cu(II) is largely attributable to an increased orbital dipolar contribution that is related to its larger g(zz) value, as a consequence of the distorted tetrahedral geometry. The increased spin delocalization over the D112 carboxylate in type zero mutants compared to type 2 C112D suggests that electron transfer paths involving this residue are enhanced.

SUBMITTER: Potapov A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3322426 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Spin delocalization over type zero copper.

Potapov Alexey A Lancaster Kyle M KM Richards John H JH Gray Harry B HB Goldfarb Daniella D

Inorganic chemistry 20120320 7

Hard-ligand, high-potential copper sites have been characterized in double mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin (C112D/M121X (X = L, F, I)). These sites feature a small A(zz)(Cu) splitting in the EPR spectrum together with enhanced electron transfer activity. Due to these unique properties, these constructs have been called "type zero" copper sites. In contrast, the single mutant, C112D, features a large A(zz)(Cu) value characteristic of the typical type 2 Cu(II). In general, A(zz)(Cu) com ...[more]

PMID: 22432748

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Project description:We describe the electronic structure and the origin of ferromagnetic exchange coupling in two new metal complexes, NN-SQ-Co(III)(py)(2)Cat-NN (1) and NN-Ph-SQ-Co(III)(py)(2)Cat-Ph-NN (2) (NN = nitronylnitroxide radical, Ph = 1,4-phenylene, SQ = S = (1)/(2) semiquinone radical, Cat = S = 0 catecholate, and py = pyridine). Near-IR electronic absorption spectroscopy for 1 and 2 reveals a low-energy optical band that has been assigned as a Psi(u) --> Psi(g) transition involving bonding and antibonding linear combinations of delocalized dioxolene (SQ/Cat) valence frontier molecular orbitals. The ferromagnetic exchange interaction in 1 is so strong that only the high-spin quartet state (S(T) = (3)/(2)) is thermally populated at temperatures up to 300 K. The temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility data for 2 reveals that an excited state spin doublet (S(T) = (1)/(2)) is populated at higher temperatures, indicating that the phenylene spacer modulates the magnitude of the magnetic exchange. The valence delocalization within the dioxolene dyad of 2 results in ferromagnetic alignment of two localized NN radicals separated by over 22 A. The ferromagnetic exchange in 1 and 2 results from a spin-dependent delocalization (double exchange type) process and the origin of this strong electron correlation has been understood in terms of a valence bond configuration interaction (VBCI) model. We show that ferromagnetic coupling promoted by organic mixed-valency provides keen insight into the ability of single molecules to communicate spin information over nanoscale distances. Furthermore, the strong interaction between the itinerant dioxolene electron and localized NN electron spins impacts our ability to understand the exchange interaction between delocalized electrons and pinned magnetic impurities in technologically important dilute magnetic semiconductor materials. The long correlation length (22 A) of the itinerant electron that mediates this coupling indicates that high-spin pi-delocalized organic molecules could find applications as nanoscale spin-polarized electron injectors and molecular wires.

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Spin delocalization over type zero copper.

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Spin delocalization over type zero copper.

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