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Deficient binocular combination reveals mechanisms of anisometropic amblyopia: signal attenuation and interocular inhibition.

ABSTRACT: Amblyopia is a developmental disorder that results in deficits of monocular and binocular vision. It is presently unclear whether these deficits result from attenuation of signals in the amblyopic eye, inhibition by signals in the fellow eye, or both. In this study, we characterize mechanisms underlying anisometropic amblyopia using a binocular phase and contrast combination paradigm and a contrast gain control model. Subjects dichoptically viewed two slightly different images and reported the perceived contrast and phase of the resulting cyclopean percept. We found that the properties of binocular combination were abnormal in many aspects in amblyopic vision. The observed abnormalities can be explained by a combination of (1) attenuated monocular signal in the amblyopic eye, (2) stronger interocular contrast gain control from the fellow eye to the signal in the amblyopic eye (direct interocular inhibition), and (3) stronger interocular contrast gain control from the fellow eye to the contrast gain control signal from the amblyopic eye (indirect interocular inhibition). We conclude that anisometropic amblyopia led to both monocular and interocular deficits. A complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying amblyopia requires studies of both monocular deficits and binocular interactions.

SUBMITTER: Huang CB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3324098 | biostudies-literature | 2011 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Deficient binocular combination reveals mechanisms of anisometropic amblyopia: signal attenuation and interocular inhibition.

Huang Chang-Bing CB Zhou Jiawei J Lu Zhong-Lin ZL Zhou Yifeng Y

Journal of vision 20110505 6

Amblyopia is a developmental disorder that results in deficits of monocular and binocular vision. It is presently unclear whether these deficits result from attenuation of signals in the amblyopic eye, inhibition by signals in the fellow eye, or both. In this study, we characterize mechanisms underlying anisometropic amblyopia using a binocular phase and contrast combination paradigm and a contrast gain control model. Subjects dichoptically viewed two slightly different images and reported the p ...[more]

PMID: 21546609

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Project description:Cognition is very important in our daily life. However, amblyopia has abnormal visual cognition. Physiological changes of the brain during processes of cognition could be reflected with ERPs. So the purpose of this study was to investigate the speed and the capacity of resource allocation in visual cognitive processing in orientation discrimination task during monocular and binocular viewing conditions of amblyopia and normal control as well as the corresponding eyes of the two groups with ERPs. We also sought to investigate whether the speed and the capacity of resource allocation in visual cognitive processing vary with target stimuli at different spatial frequencies (3, 6 and 9 cpd) in amblyopia and normal control as well as between the corresponding eyes of the two groups. Fifteen mild to moderate anisometropic amblyopes and ten normal controls were recruited. Three-stimulus oddball paradigms of three different spatial frequency orientation discrimination tasks were used in monocular and binocular conditions in amblyopes and normal controls to elicit event-related potentials (ERPs). Accuracy (ACC), reaction time (RT), the latency of novelty P300 and P3b, and the amplitude of novelty P300 and P3b were measured. Results showed that RT was longer in the amblyopic eye than in both eyes of amblyopia and non-dominant eye in control. Novelty P300 amplitude was largest in the amblyopic eye, followed by the fellow eye, and smallest in both eyes of amblyopia. Novelty P300 amplitude was larger in the amblyopic eye than non-dominant eye and was larger in fellow eye than dominant eye. P3b latency was longer in the amblyopic eye than in the fellow eye, both eyes of amblyopia and non-dominant eye of control. P3b latency was not associated with RT in amblyopia. Neural responses of the amblyopic eye are abnormal at the middle and late stages of cognitive processing, indicating that the amblyopic eye needs to spend more time or integrate more resources to process the same visual task. Fellow eye and both eyes in amblyopia are slightly different from the dominant eye and both eyes in normal control at the middle and late stages of cognitive processing. Meanwhile, abnormal extents of amblyopic eye do not vary with three different spatial frequencies used in our study.

Dataset Information

Deficient binocular combination reveals mechanisms of anisometropic amblyopia: signal attenuation and interocular inhibition.

Publications

Deficient binocular combination reveals mechanisms of anisometropic amblyopia: signal attenuation and interocular inhibition.

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