Development of ITS sequence-based markers to distinguish Berberis aristata DC. from B. lycium Royle and B. asiatica Roxb.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Balasubramani SP
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3339604 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:ObjectiveBerberis aristata (Berberidaceae) is an important medicinal plant used in traditional system of medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory disorders. The aim of the present study is to scientifically validate the traditional use of BA in the treatment of inflammatory disorders.Materials and methodsAnti-inflammatory and anti-granuloma activity of BA hydroalcoholic extract (BAHE) were evaluated in experimental models, viz., carrageenan-induced paw edema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation, and complete Freund's adjuvant-induced stimulation of peritoneal macrophages in rats. Expression of inflammatory mediators, viz., tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?), interleukin-1? (IL-1?), IL-6, IL-10, TNF-R1, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was carried out in serum and peritoneal macrophages to derive the plausible mechanism of BAHE in activated peritoneal macrophages.ResultsPretreatment with BAHE produced a dose-dependent reduction (P < 0.01) in carrageenan-induced paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma model. BAHE treatment produced significant (P < 0.01) reduction in serum inflammatory cytokine levels as compared to control. Protein expression of pro-inflammatory markers, IL-1?, IL-6, TNF-R1, and COX-2, was found to be reduced in stimulated macrophages whereas anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, was upregulated in peritoneal macrophages.ConclusionThe result of the present study thus demonstrates the anti-inflammatory and anti-granuloma activity of BAHE which may be attributed to its inhibitory activity on macrophage-derived cytokine and mediators.
| S-EPMC4825432 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Human liver cancer has emerged as a serious health concern in the world, associated with poorly available therapies. The Berberis genus contains vital medicinal plants with miraculous healing properties and a wide range of bioactivities. In this study, different crude extracts of B. lycium Royle were prepared and screened against Human Hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cell lines. The water/ethanolic extract of B. lycium Royle (BLE) exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against the HepG2 cancer cell line with an IC50 value of 47 μg/mL. The extract decreased the clonogenic potential of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. It induced apoptotic cell death in HepG2 cells that were confirmed by cytometric analysis and microscopic examination of cellular morphology through DAPI-stained cells. Biochemical evidence of apoptosis came from elevating the intracellular ROS level that was accompanied by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. The mechanism of apoptosis was further confirmed by gene expression analysis using RT-qPCR that revealed the decline in Bcl-2 independent of p53 mRNA and a rise in CDK1 while downregulating CDK5, CDK9, and CDK10 mRNA levels at 48 h of BLE treatment. The most active fraction was subjected to HPLC which indicated the presence of berberine (48 μg/mL) and benzoic acid (15.8 μg/mL) as major compounds in BLE and a trace amount of luteolin, rutin, and gallic acid. Our study highlighted the importance of the most active BLE extract as an excellent source of nutraceuticals against Human Hepatocarcinoma that can serve as an herbal natural cure against liver cancer.
| S-EPMC7582056 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Bioactive natural compounds, isolated from fungal endophytes, play a promising role in the search for novel drugs. They are an inspiring source for researchers due to their enormous structural diversity and complexity. During the present study fungal endophytes were isolated from a well-known medicinal shrub, Berberis aristata DC. and were explored for their antagonistic and antioxidant potential. B. aristata, an important medicinal shrub with remarkable pharmacological properties, is native to Northern Himalayan region. A total of 131 endophytic fungal isolates belonging to eighteen species and nine genera were obtained from three hundred and thirty surface sterilized segments of different tissues of B. aristata. The isolated fungi were classified on the basis of morphological and molecular analysis. Diversity and species richness was found to be higher in leaf tissues as compared to root and stem. Antibacterial activity demonstrated that the crude ethyl acetate extract of 80% isolates exhibited significant results against one or more bacterial pathogens. Ethyl acetate extract of Alternaria macrospora was found to have potential antibacterial activity. Significant antioxidant activity was also found in crude ethyl acetate extracts of Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus flavus. Similarly, antagonistic activity of the fungal endophytes revealed that all antagonists possessed inhibition potential against more than one fungal pathogen. This study is an important step towards tapping endophytic fungal diversity for bioactive metabolites which could be a step forward towards development of novel therapeutic agents.
| S-EPMC6322349 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Berberis aristata is an important part of traditional healing system from more than 2500 years. The aqueous extract of Berberis aristata root bark displayed broad spectrum activity against 13 test pathogens, ranging from 12 to 25 mm. In classical optimization, 15% concentration prepared at 40 °C for 40 min was optimal and thermostable. Statistical optimization enhanced the activity by 1.13-1.30-folds. Ethyl acetate was the best organic solvent to elute out the potential compound responsible for antimicrobial activity. Diterpenes were the most abundant phytoconstituent (15.3%) and showed broad spectrum antimicrobial activity ranging from 16.66 to 42.66 mm. Ethyl acetate extract displayed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (0.05-1 mg/mL), followed by diterpenes (0.05-5 mg/mL) and flavonoids (0.05-10 mg/mL). The test extracts were microbicidal in nature and showed a prolonged post antibiotic effect ranging from 2 to 8 h. They were found to be biosafe as per Ames and MTT assay. The in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of diterpenes against L20B, RD and Hep 2 cell lines revealed its IC50 ranging from 245 to 473 µg/mL. Acute oral toxicity of diterpenes on Swiss albino mice did not show any changes in behavioral pattern, body weight, biochemical parameters as well as organs' architecture. The study thus indicates B. aristata could be a potential candidate for development of potent drug owing to its antimicrobial potential and biosafe profile.
| S-EPMC6738363 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Berberis aristata DC and Nigella sativa L. are officially listed in various Indian Pharmacopoeia and AYUSH official documents. Prescribed for different ailments for proven medicinal activities, they thus became part of polyherbal medications. With reverse pharmacology and scientific validation, more than 30 patents are filed on different formulations of B. aristata and granted. Nigella sativa L. has been broadly studied for its therapeutic potential and wide range of activities against cardiovascular, diabetic, cancer, and life style disorders. Thus, this study is aimed at standardizing B. aristata and N. sativa and their antineoplasia activity in 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mouse models. Molecular docking was done using the Schrodinger program Maestro 9.0. Herbal extracts and essential oil (B. aristata and N. sativa) were standardized and quantified using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) (CAMAG) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) (Agilent 2010GC System) with validated methods. DMBA was administered orally once a week (1mg/200 µL) to each animal except the normal control. Hematology, histopathology, and immunoassays were performed, and data were analyzed and depicted with GraphPad and SPSS. In molecular docking, thymoquinone showed the highest docking score (9.519, 9.211, and 9.042, respectively) in the active site pockets of IL6 (PDB ID: 4CNI and 5FCU), TNF (PDB ID: 2AZ5), and VEGF (PDB ID: 4KZN). Out of all four target sites, thymoquinone and berberine showed good binding affinity with IL6 (PDB ID: 4CNI) compared to α- and β-pinenes. HPTLC analysis of the hydroalcoholic extract showed the presence of berberine both qualitatively and quantitatively (5.4% berberine), and thymoquinone detected 0.17% in the N. sativa extract. GCMS for essential oil showed 26 compounds including ±pinene. Leukocytes and erythrocytes of N. sativa and B. aristata were analyzed, and significant improvements were recorded (P < 0.05) and graphically presented. Mean survival time was calculated by the Kaplan Meier method (119 days). Immunoassay analyses were conducted, namely, TNF-α and VEGF, and interpreted and marked.
| S-EPMC8670326 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Sphaeropsis sapinea is a fungal endophyte of Pinus spp. that can cause disease following predisposition of trees by biotic or abiotic stresses. Four morphotypes of S. sapinea have been described from within the natural range of the fungus, while only one morphotype has been identified on exotic pines in the Southern Hemisphere. The aim of this study was to develop robust polymorphic markers that could be used in both taxonomic and population studies. Inter-short-sequence-repeat primers containing microsatellite sequences and degenerate anchors at the 5' end were used to target microsatellite-rich areas in an S. sapinea isolate. PCR amplification using an annealing temperature of 49 degrees C resulted in profiles containing 5 to 10 bands. These bands were cloned and sequenced, and new short-sequence-repeat (SSR) primer pairs were designed that flanked microsatellite-rich regions. Eleven polymorphic SSR markers were tested on 40 isolates of S. sapinea representing different morphotypes as well as on 2 isolates of the closely related species Botryosphaeria obtusa. The putative I morphotype was found to be identical to B. obtusa. Otherwise, the markers clearly distinguished the remaining three morphotypes and, furthermore, showed that the C morphotype was more closely related to the A than the B morphotype. The B morphotype was the most genetically diverse, and the isolates could be further divided based on their geographic origins. Sequencing of different alleles from each locus showed that the most polymorphic markers had mutations within a microsatellite sequence.
| S-EPMC92584 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Hepatitis C is a serious health issue and cause liver disorders in millions of people. Available therapeutic agents require long term administration with numerous side effects. Therefore, there is a dire need to find alternative treatment options for this disease. Since ancient times, medicinal plants are widely used to cure various diseases with no or less harmful effects. Therefore, this study was designed to find out phytochemicals and investigate antiviral activity of methanol extract of Ajuga bracteosa, Ajuga parviflora, Berberis lycium and Citrus lemon against Hepatitis C Virus (HCV infection). Phytochemical analysis of the plant extract was performed using various chemical tests. Toxicity of the plant extract was determined against using trypan blue exclusion method. Antiviral activity of the selected plant extract was find out against HCV infected HepG2 cells. For this purpose, HepG2 cells were seeded with HCV positive and negative serum and nontoxic doses of plant extract for 24 and 48?h. After this RNA was extracted and viral load was determined using Real-time PCR. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids and phenols in all plant extracts while amino acids, alkaloids and tannins were present in B. lycium and saponins were detected in C. lemon. Toxicity assay showed that all plant extracts were nontoxic at maximum concentration of 200??g/ml except B. lycium, which showed mild toxicity at 40??g/ml and were extremely toxic at 60??g/ml and above doses. Real-time PCR quantitation result revealed that after 24?h treatments A. parviflora showed highest antiviral activity, followed by A. bracteosa, while B. lycium extract had low (35%) and C. lemon has no antiviral effects. The 48?h treatments showed an increase antiviral activity by A. bracteosa followed by A. parviflora and B. lycium while C. lemon showed negative effect. Our results depicted that mentioned plants might be used as an alternative therapeutic regime or in combination with existing treatments against HCV.
| S-EPMC7127416 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Endophytes are microorganisms residing within plant tissues. Bacterial endophytes are important sources for production of pharmaceutically important metabolites. Berberis lycium is an important medicinal plant and there exist no report regarding isolation and determination of bioactive potential of its bacterial endophytes. Therefore the present study was aimed to isolate and identify bacterial endophytes from Berberis lycium. The study resulted in isolation of 20 strains of bacterial endophytes. Based on their antibacterial activity three strains were identified as Bacillus cereus (LBL6), Bacillus thuringiensis (SBL3) and Bacillus anthracis (SBL4) on basis of 16SrRNA gene using universal primers. Crude ethyl acetate extracts of LBL6, SBL3 and SBL4 were further evaluated for antioxidant and antifungal activities. Moderate antioxidant activity (56 %) at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL was observed for LBL6 followed by 45 and 43 % activity by SBL4 and SBL3 respectively. Significant antifungal activity was observed against Aspergillus niger (60 %) and Aspergillus flavus (56 %) at concentration of 4 mg/mL of SBL3 and SBL4 respectively. GCMS analysis of extract (LBL6) exhibited presence of 12 bioactive secondary metabolites corresponding to antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, antitumor and anticancer activities. In conclusion, present study highlighted the importance of Berberis lycium to host diverse bacterial endophytes of pharmaceutical importance.
| S-EPMC8716895 | biostudies-literature
Project description::Berberis species are known for their use in traditional medicine. Here, we report the phenolic composition and bioactivity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Berberis thunbergii DC. leaves. The phenolic profiling and the quantitation of the main compounds were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometry detections. The most abundant compounds in both extracts were caffeoylquinic acids (chlorogenic acid, particularly, with a concentration of 90.1-101.3 mg g-1 dried extract), followed by caffeoylglucaric acids and quercetin glycosides. Antioxidant and radical scavenging assays (phosphomolybdenum, DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, metal chelating activity), as well as enzyme inhibitory assays (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, amylase, glucosidase, and lipase), were carried out to evaluate the potential bioactivity of B. thunbergii. The methanolic extract presented the highest antioxidant and radical scavenging values, in agreement with its higher phenolic content. Regarding enzyme inhibitory potential, the methanolic extract was also more potent than the aqueous one. Hence, B. thunbergii leaves represent a suitable candidate for the preparation of pharmaceutical or nutraceutical products.
| S-EPMC6891573 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Lycium barbarum, a member of the Solanaceae family, has been used for more than 2000 years in the traditional Chinese medicine. L. ruthenicum, endemic to northwestern China, is also used as medicine and has had a great influence on the development of Minority Medicine. Previous studies revealed there are many differences between two species, including morphological and phytochemical differences. However, the molecular mechanism of formation of its fruit and associated medicinal and nutritional components is unexplored. In the present studies, for transcriptomic analyses, fruits from 5 developmental stages L. barbarum and L. ruthenicum were collected. KEGG analyses for the DEGs between L. barbarum and L. ruthenicum, revealed that molecular mechanism of fruit formation were distinct obviously during the development process. Moreover, we found that multiple DEGs enriched in “Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (ID: ko00940”, “Flavonoid biosynthesis” (ID: ko00941) were up-regulated in L. ruthenicum at different developmental stages of fruit. It suggested that biotic and abiotic stress might be responsible for high abundance of antioxidant capacities in L. ruthenicum.
2020-03-23 | GSE122570 | GEO