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The substrate-bound crystal structure of a Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase exhibits a Criegee-like conformation.

ABSTRACT: The Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) are a family of bacterial flavoproteins that catalyze the synthetically useful Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction. This involves the conversion of ketones into esters or cyclic ketones into lactones by introducing an oxygen atom adjacent to the carbonyl group. The BVMOs offer exquisite regio- and enantiospecificity while acting on a wide range of substrates. They use only NADPH and oxygen as cosubstrates, and produce only NADP(+) and water as byproducts, making them environmentally attractive for industrial purposes. Here, we report the first crystal structure of a BVMO, cyclohexanone monooxygenase (CHMO) from Rhodococcus sp. HI-31 in complex with its substrate, cyclohexanone, as well as NADP(+) and FAD, to 2.4 Å resolution. This structure shows a drastic rotation of the NADP(+) cofactor in comparison to previously reported NADP(+)-bound structures, as the nicotinamide moiety is no longer positioned above the flavin ring. Instead, the substrate, cyclohexanone, is found at this location, in an appropriate position for the formation of the Criegee intermediate. The rotation of NADP(+) permits the substrate to gain access to the reactive flavin peroxyanion intermediate while preventing it from diffusing out of the active site. The structure thus reveals the conformation of the enzyme during the key catalytic step. CHMO is proposed to undergo a series of conformational changes to gradually move the substrate from the solvent, via binding in a solvent excluded pocket that dictates the enzyme's chemospecificity, to a location above the flavin-peroxide adduct where catalysis occurs.

SUBMITTER: Yachnin BJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3349289 | biostudies-literature | 2012 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The substrate-bound crystal structure of a Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase exhibits a Criegee-like conformation.

Yachnin Brahm J BJ Sprules Tara T McEvoy Michelle B MB Lau Peter C K PC Berghuis Albert M AM

Journal of the American Chemical Society 20120427 18

The Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) are a family of bacterial flavoproteins that catalyze the synthetically useful Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction. This involves the conversion of ketones into esters or cyclic ketones into lactones by introducing an oxygen atom adjacent to the carbonyl group. The BVMOs offer exquisite regio- and enantiospecificity while acting on a wide range of substrates. They use only NADPH and oxygen as cosubstrates, and produce only NADP(+) and water as byproducts ...[more]

PMID: 22506764

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Project description:Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) are an emerging class of promising biocatalysts for the oxidation of ketones to prepare corresponding esters or lactones. Although many BVMOs have been reported, the development of highly efficient enzymes for use in industrial applications is desirable. In this work, we identified a BVMO from Rhodococcus pyridinivorans (BVMORp) with a high affinity toward aliphatic methyl ketones (Km < 3.0 μM). The enzyme was highly soluble and relatively stable, with a half-life of 23 h at 30°C and pH 7.5. The most effective substrate discovered so far is 2-hexanone (kcat = 2.1 s-1; Km = 1.5 μM). Furthermore, BVMORp exhibited excellent regioselectivity toward most aliphatic ketones, preferentially forming typical (i.e., normal) products. Using the newly identified BVMORp as the catalyst, a high concentration (26.0 g/liter; 200 mM) of methyl levulinate was completely converted to methyl 3-acetoxypropionate after 4 h, with a space-time yield of 5.4 g liter-1 h-1 Thus, BVMORp is a promising biocatalyst for the synthesis of 3-hydroxypropionate from readily available biobased levulinate to replace the conventional fermentation.IMPORTANCE BVMOs are emerging as a green alternative to traditional oxidants in the BV oxidation of ketones. Although many BVMOs are discovered and used in organic synthesis, few are really applied in industry, especially in the case of aliphatic ketones. Herein, a highly soluble and relatively stable monooxygenase from Rhodococcus pyridinivorans (BVMORp) was identified with high activity and excellent regioselectivity toward most aliphatic ketones. BVMORp possesses unusually high substrate loading during the catalysis of the oxidation of biobased methyl levulinate to 3-hydroxypropionic acid derivatives. This study indicates that the synthesis of 3-hydroxypropionate from readily available biobased levulinate by BVMORp-catalyzed oxidation holds great promise to replace traditional fermentation.

Dataset Information

The substrate-bound crystal structure of a Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase exhibits a Criegee-like conformation.

Publications

The substrate-bound crystal structure of a Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase exhibits a Criegee-like conformation.

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