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Abstracts of Theses Approved for the M.Sc., M.Med. and Phd. Degrees at the School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.

ABSTRACT: Introduction The ?2 agonist dexmedetomidine is a new sedative and analgesic agent which is licensed in the USA for post-operative intensive care sedation. We compared dexmedetomidine with the mixture of midazolam and morphine for post-operative patient who required mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit (ICU). Objective : To compare the effect of dexmedetomidine and midazolam-morphine mixture among post-operative patients in ICU; in term of the amount of analgesic (PCA morphine) requirement, sedation score, haemodynamic profiles and time of extubation. Methodology : Prospective, double-blinded randomized controlled trial study design involved post-operative patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) conducted from June 2003 to June 2004. Thirty-four mechanically ventilated post-operative patients were randomly assigned to receive short-term (minimum 4 hours) sedation with either continuous intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine (group Dex. n=17) or midazolam-morphine mixture (group MM, n=17). Both groups received similar intraoperative anaesthetic regime. Patient controlled analgesia (PCA Morphine) was given to patient as rescue analgesic. Analgesic (PCA morphine) used (mg/hour), Ramsay sedation scoring, extubation time (minute), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and heart rate were Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia had approved this study on 9th April 2003. Result : Mean extubation time of dexmedetomidine group was significantly lower than midazolam and morphine mixture group [mean (s.d.): 40.3 ± 16.5 minutes versus 57.9 ± 17.7 minutes. p=0.05]. Within the first 4 hours drug infusion, mean systolic blood pressure [mean (s.d.): 105 ±14 mmHg vs 127 ± 24 mmHg, (p=0.000)], mean diastolic blood pressure [mean (s.d.): 59 ± 8mmHg vs 66 ± 13 mmHg (p=0.000)], mean arterial pressure [mean (s.d.): 76 ± 9 mmHg vs 86 ± 15mmHg (p=0.000)] and mean heart rate [mean (s.d.): 88 ± 13 beats per minute vs 102 ± 24 beats per minute (p=0.000)] were significantly lower in dexmedetomidine group than those in midazolam and morphine mixture. There was significant difference of mean Ramsay sedation score between dexmedetomidine and midazolam morphine mixture (p=0.000). However, there was no significant difference of mean dose of morphine per hour between dexmedetomidine groups and midazolam morphine mixture [(mean (s.d.); 1.4 ± 0.7 mg/hour) versus mean (s.d.); 1.1 ± 0.8 mg/hour). p= 0.157 ]. Conclusion : Dexmedetomidine provides safe, effective sedation and analgesia for postoperative long surgical patient in intensive care unit. Haemodynamic variables of dexmedetomidine group was more stable than midazolam and morphine mixtures group. Thus dexmedetomidine provides better perioperative haemodynamic control or a long sugery. The use of dexmedetomidine also allowed for more rapid tracheal extubation. Dr. Saedah Ali : Supervisor Dr. Nik Abdullah Nik Mohamed : Co-Supervisor

SUBMITTER: Mohamad A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3349404 | biostudies-literature | 2005 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundHealth sciences research is increasingly focusing on big data applications, such as genomic technologies and precision medicine, to address key issues in human health. These approaches rely on biological data repositories and bioinformatic analyses, both of which are growing rapidly in size and scope. Libraries play a key role in supporting researchers in navigating these and other information resources.MethodsWith the goal of supporting bioinformatics research in the health sciences, the University of Arizona Health Sciences Library established a Bioinformation program. To shape the support provided by the library, I developed and administered a needs assessment survey to the University of Arizona Health Sciences campus in Tucson, Arizona. The survey was designed to identify the training topics of interest to health sciences researchers and the preferred modes of training.ResultsSurvey respondents expressed an interest in a broad array of potential training topics, including "traditional" information seeking as well as interest in analytical training. Of particular interest were training in transcriptomic tools and the use of databases linking genotypes and phenotypes. Staff were most interested in bioinformatics training topics, while faculty were the least interested. Hands-on workshops were significantly preferred over any other mode of training. The University of Arizona Health Sciences Library is meeting those needs through internal programming and external partnerships.ConclusionThe results of the survey demonstrate a keen interest in a variety of bioinformatic resources; the challenge to the library is how to address those training needs. The mode of support depends largely on library staff expertise in the numerous subject-specific databases and tools. Librarian-led bioinformatic training sessions provide opportunities for engagement with researchers at multiple points of the research life cycle. When training needs exceed library capacity, partnering with intramural and extramural units will be crucial in library support of health sciences bioinformatic research.

Project description:Microorganisms are distributed on surfaces within homes, workplaces, and schools, with the potential to impact human health and disease. University campuses represent a unique opportunity to explore the distribution of microorganisms within built environments because of high human population densities, throughput, and variable building usage. For example, the main campus of the University of Waterloo spans four square kilometres, hosts over 40,000 individuals daily, and is comprised of a variety of buildings, including lecture halls, gyms, restaurants, residences, and a daycare.Representative left and right entrance door handles from each of the 65 buildings at the University of Waterloo were swabbed at three time points during an academic term in order to determine if microbial community assemblages coincided with building usage and whether these communities are stable temporally. Across all door handles, the dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, which comprised 89.0 % of all reads. A total of 713 genera were observed, 16 of which constituted a minimum of 1 % of the 2,458,094 classified and rarefied reads. Archaea were found in low abundance (~0.03 %) but were present on 42.8 % of the door handles on 96 % of buildings across all time points, indicating that they are ubiquitous at very low levels on door handle surfaces. Although inter-handle variability was high, several individual building entrances harbored distinct microbial communities that were consistent over time. The presence of visible environmental debris on a subset of handles was associated with distinct microbial communities (beta diversity), increased richness (alpha diversity), and higher biomass (adenosine 5'-triphosphate; ATP).This study demonstrates highly variable microbial communities associated with frequently contacted door handles on a university campus. Nonetheless, the data also revealed several building-specific and temporally stable bacterial and archaeal community patterns, with a potential impact of accumulated debris, a possible result of low human throughput, on detected microbial communities.

Project description:How to manage the impact of free-ranging cats on native wildlife is a polarizing issue. Conservation biologists largely support domestic cat euthanasia to mitigate impacts of free-ranging cat predation on small animal populations. Above all else, animal welfare activists support the humane treatment of free-ranging cats, objecting to euthanasia. Clearly, this issue of how to control free-ranging cat predation on small animals is value laden, and both positions must be considered and comprehended to promote effective conservation. Here, two gaps in the free-ranging cat-small-animal conservation literature are addressed. First, the importance of understanding the processes of domestication and evolution and how each relates to felid behavioral ecology is discussed. The leading hypothesis to explain domestication of wildcats (Felis silvestris) relates to their behavioral ecology as a solitary predator, which made them suited for pest control in early agricultural villages of the Old World. The relationship humans once had with cats, however, has changed because today domesticated cats are usually household pets. As a result, concerns of conservation biologists may relate to cats as predators, but cat welfare proponents come from the position of assuming responsibility for free-ranging household pets (and their feral offspring). Thus, the perceptions of pet owners and other members of the general public provide an important context that frames the relationship between free-ranging cats and small animal conservation. The second part of this paper assesses the effects of an information-based conservation approach on shifting student's perception of a local Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) program in introductory core science classes at the University of North Texas (UNT). UNT students are (knowingly or unknowingly) regularly in close proximity to a TNR program on campus that supports cat houses and feeding stations. A survey design implementing a tailored-information approach was used to communicate what TNR programs are, their goals, and the "conservationist" view of TNR programs. We gauged favorability of student responses to the goals of TNR programs prior to and after exposure to tailored information on conservation concerns related to free-ranging cats. Although these results are from a preliminary study, we suggest that an information-based approach may only be marginally effective at shifting perceptions about the conservation implications of free-ranging cats. Our position is that small animal conservation in Western societies occurs in the context of pet ownership, thus broader approaches that promote ecological understanding via environmental education are more likely to be successful than information-based approaches.

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Abstracts of Theses Approved for the M.Sc., M.Med. and Phd. Degrees at the School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.

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