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The association between Mediterranean diet adherence and Parkinson's disease.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Recent studies have demonstrated an association between a Mediterranean-type diet and Alzheimer's risk. We assessed the association between Mediterranean-type diet adherence and Parkinson's disease (PD) status. METHODS:Two hundred and fifty-seven PD participants and 198 controls completed the Willett semiquantitative questionnaire that quantifies diet during the past year. Scores were calculated using a 9-point scale; higher scores indicated greater adherence to the Mediterranean-type diet. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between PD status and Mediterranean-type diet, adjusting for caloric intake, age, sex, education, and ethnicity. Adjusted linear regression models were used to examine the association between Mediterranean-type diet adherence and PD age at onset. RESULTS:Higher Mediterranean-type diet adherence was associated with reduced odds for PD after adjustment for all covariates (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77-0.97; P = .010). Lower Mediterranean-type diet score was associated with earlier PD age at onset (? = 1.09; P = .006). CONCLUSIONS:PD patients adhere less than controls to a Mediterranean-type diet. Dietary behavior may be associated with age at onset.

SUBMITTER: Alcalay RN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3349773 | biostudies-literature | 2012 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The association between Mediterranean diet adherence and Parkinson's disease.

Alcalay Roy N RN Gu Yian Y Mejia-Santana Helen H Cote Lucien L Marder Karen S KS Scarmeas Nikolaos N

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 20120207 6

<h4>Background</h4>Recent studies have demonstrated an association between a Mediterranean-type diet and Alzheimer's risk. We assessed the association between Mediterranean-type diet adherence and Parkinson's disease (PD) status.<h4>Methods</h4>Two hundred and fifty-seven PD participants and 198 controls completed the Willett semiquantitative questionnaire that quantifies diet during the past year. Scores were calculated using a 9-point scale; higher scores indicated greater adherence to the Med ...[more]

PMID: 22314772

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Project description:ObjectiveThe Mediterranean diet has been promoted as a healthy dietary pattern, but whether the Mediterranean diet may help to prevent hepatic steatosis is not clear. This study aimed to evaluate the prospective association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of hepatic steatosis.DesignPopulation-based prospective cohort study.SettingThe Swiss CoLaus Study.ParticipantsWe evaluated 2288 adults (65.4% women, aged 55.8±10.0 years) without hepatic steatosis at first follow-up in 2009-2012. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was scaled as the Mediterranean diet score (MDS) based on the Mediterranean diet pyramid ascertained with responses to Food Frequency Questionnaires.Outcome measuresNew onset of hepatic steatosis was ascertained by two indices separately: the Fatty Liver Index (FLI, ≥60 points) and the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) score (≥-0.640 points). Prospective associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of hepatic steatosis were quantified using Poisson regression.ResultsDuring a mean 5.3 years of follow-up, hepatic steatosis was ascertained in 153 (6.7%) participants by FLI criteria and in 208 (9.1%) by NAFLD score. After multivariable adjustment, higher adherence to MDS was associated with lower risk of hepatic steatosis based on FLI: risk ratio 0.84 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.96) per 1 SD of MDS; 0.85 (0.73 to 0.99) adjusted for BMI; and 0.85 (0.71 to 1.02) adjusted for both BMI and waist circumference. When using NAFLD score, no significant association was found between MDS and risk of hepatic steatosis (0.95 (0.83 to 1.09)).ConclusionA potential role of the Mediterranean diet in the prevention of hepatic steatosis is suggested by the inverse association observed between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and incidence of hepatic steatosis based on the FLI. The inconsistency of this association when hepatic steatosis was assessed by NAFLD score points to the need for accurate population-level assessment of fatty liver and its physiological markers.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Recent experimental evidence suggests that nutritional supplementation can blunt adverse cardiopulmonary effects induced by acute air pollution exposure. However, whether usual individual dietary patterns can modify the association between long-term air pollution exposure and health outcomes has not been previously investigated. We assessed, in a large cohort with detailed diet information at the individual level, whether a Mediterranean diet modifies the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease mortality risk. METHODS:The National Institutes of Health-American Association for Retired Persons Diet and Health Study, a prospective cohort (N=548 845) across 6 states and 2 cities in the United States and with a follow-up period of 17 years (1995-2011), was linked to estimates of annual average exposures to fine particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide at the residential census-tract level. The alternative Mediterranean Diet Index, which uses a 9-point scale to assess conformity with a Mediterranean-style diet, was constructed for each participant from information in cohort baseline dietary questionnaires. We evaluated mortality risks for cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, or cardiac arrest associated with long-term air pollution exposure. Effect modification of the associations between exposure and the mortality outcomes by alternative Mediterranean Diet Index was examined via interaction terms. RESULTS:For fine particulate matter, we observed elevated and significant associations with cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio [HR] per 10 μg/m3, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08-1.18), ischemic heart disease (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10-1.23), and cerebrovascular disease (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.03-1.28). For nitrogen dioxide, we found significant associations with cardiovascular disease (HR per 10 ppb, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04-1.08) and ischemic heart disease (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.05-1.11). Analyses indicated that Mediterranean diet modified these relationships, as those with a higher alternative Mediterranean Diet Index score had significantly lower rates of cardiovascular disease mortality associated with long-term air pollution exposure ( P-interaction<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:A Mediterranean diet reduced cardiovascular disease mortality risk related to long-term exposure to air pollutants in a large prospective US cohort. Increased consumption of foods rich in antioxidant compounds may aid in reducing the considerable disease burden associated with ambient air pollution.

Project description:Importance. Biological markers of Parkinson’s disease are essential for achieving disease modification. Objective. To determine the association of SNCA blood transcript levels with prevalence of Parkinson’s disease. Background. The SNCA locus is preferentially transcribed in neurons and blood cells. Non-coding genetic variants and neuronal aggregates of α-synuclein protein associate this locus with sporadic Parkinson’s disease and suggest a potential role for abnormal SNCA transcription in the disease mechanism. Here we investigated variation in intracellular SNCA gene expression and SNCA transcript isoform abundance in circulating blood cells of cases with PD and controls in a network of biobanks that represent regional, national, and international populations. Design, Setting, Participants. Three cross-sectional, case-control studies nested in observational biomarker studies. 222 cases with early-stage clinical PD and 183 controls were enrolled from 2005 to 2010 in the Harvard Biomarker Study (HBS) at two Harvard-affiliated tertiary care centers. 76 cases with dopamine transporter imaging (DAT)-confirmed PD and 42 controls were enrolled between August 2007 and December 2008 in the Blood α-Synuclein, Gene Expression and Smell Testing as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Parkinson’s Disease Study (PROBE) study from 22 US tertiary care centers. 202 DAT-confirmed cases with de novo PD and 138 controls were enrolled in the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) between July 2010 and November 2012 from 22 US and international tertiary care centers. Main Outcome Measures. Association of intracellular SNCA transcript abundance with PD estimated on analog and digital expression platforms. Results. Reduced levels of SNCA transcripts were associated with early-stage clinical PD, neuroimaging-confirmed PD, and untreated, neuroimaging-confirmed PD in accessible, peripheral blood cells from a total of 863 individuals. SNCA expression was reduced by 17%, 22%, and 16% in cases compared to controls in the HBS, PROBE, and PPMI study with P values of 0.004, 0.025, and 0.018, respectively, after adjusting for clinical, hematological, and processing covariates. Specific SNCA transcripts with long 3’ untranslated regions (UTR) and those skipping exon 5 are implicated in the accumulation and mitochondrial targeting of α-synuclein protein in Parkinson’s pathology. These transcript isoforms were linked to PD through digital expression analysis. Individuals in the lowest quartile of SNCA expression values had covariate-adjusted odds ratios for PD of 2.14 (95% C. I. 1.1-4.1), 4.5 (95% C. I. 1.3-15), and 2.1 (1.1-4.0) compared to individuals in the highest quartile of expression values in the HBS, PROBE, and PPMI study, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance. Reduced levels of SNCA expression, particularly of disease-relevant transcripts with extended 3’ UTR or exon 5 skipping, are associated with early-stage PD. These findings support a potential role for SNCA as a transcriptional marker of PD and may have implications for patient stratification and risk assessment.

Project description:Decades of research and experimental studies have investigated Huntington's disease (HD), a rare neurodegenerative disease. Similarly, several studies have investigated whether high/moderate adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and specific macro and micronutrients can decrease cognitive loss and provide a neuroprotective function to neurons. This review systematically identifies and examines studies that have investigated Mediterranean Diet adherence, micro- and macronutrients, supplementation and caloric intake in people with HD, in order to identify if dietary exposures resulted in improvement of disease symptoms, a delay in age of onset or if they contributed to an earlier age of onset in people with HD. A systematic search of PubMed, Directory of open access journal and HubMed was performed independently by two reviewers using specific search terms criteria for studies. The identified abstracts were screened and the studies were included in the review if they satisfied predetermined inclusion criteria. Reference screening of included studies was also performed. A total of 18 studies were included in the review. A few studies found that patients who had high/moderate adherence to Mediterranean Diet showed a slight improvement in their Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale and Total Functional Capacity. In addition, people with HD who had high Mediterranean Diet adherence showed an improvement in both cognitive and motor scores and had a better quality of life compared to patients who had low Mediterranean Diet adherence. Furthermore, a few studies showed that supplementation with specific nutrients, such as triheaptanoin, L-acetyl-carnitine and creatine, had no beneficial effect on the patients' Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale score. A few studies suggest that the Mediterranean Diet may confer a motor and cognitive benefit to people with HD. Unfortunately, there was little consistency among study findings. It is important for more research to be conducted to have a better understanding of which dietary exposures are beneficial and may result delaying age of onset or disease progression in people with HD.

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The association between Mediterranean diet adherence and Parkinson's disease.

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The association between Mediterranean diet adherence and Parkinson's disease.

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