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Side-stream smoking reduces intestinal inflammation and increases expression of tight junction proteins.

ABSTRACT: To investigate the effect of side-stream smoking on gut microflora composition, intestinal inflammation and expression of tight junction proteins.C57BL/6 mice were exposed to side-stream cigarette smoking for one hour daily over eight weeks. Cecal contents were collected for microbial composition analysis. Large intestine was collected for immunoblotting and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analyses of the inflammatory pathway and tight junction proteins.Side-stream smoking induced significant changes in the gut microbiota with increased mouse intestinal bacteria, Clostridium but decreased Fermicutes (Lactoccoci and Ruminococcus), Enterobacteriaceae family and Segmented filamentous baceteria compared to the control mice. Meanwhile, side-stream smoking inhibited the nuclear factor-?B pathway with reduced phosphorylation of p65 and I?B?, accompanied with unchanged mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-? or interleukin-6. The contents of tight junction proteins, claudin3 and ZO2 were up-regulated in the large intestine of mice exposed side-stream smoking. In addition, side-stream smoking increased c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK kinase signaling, while inhibiting AMP-activated protein kinase in the large intestine.Side-stream smoking altered gut microflora composition and reduced the inflammatory response, which was associated with increased expression of tight junction proteins.

SUBMITTER: Wang H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3351767 | biostudies-literature | 2012 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Side-stream smoking reduces intestinal inflammation and increases expression of tight junction proteins.

Wang Hui H Zhao Jun-Xing JX Hu Nan N Ren Jun J Du Min M Zhu Mei-Jun MJ

World journal of gastroenterology 20120501 18

<h4>Aim</h4>To investigate the effect of side-stream smoking on gut microflora composition, intestinal inflammation and expression of tight junction proteins.<h4>Methods</h4>C57BL/6 mice were exposed to side-stream cigarette smoking for one hour daily over eight weeks. Cecal contents were collected for microbial composition analysis. Large intestine was collected for immunoblotting and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analyses of the inflammatory pathway and tight jun ...[more]

PMID: 22611310

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Project description:Background:Weaning is one of the major factors that cause stress and intestinal disease in piglets. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is an active plant phenolic acid which exists in Chinese herb, Duzhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver), and is also considered as the main bioactive metabolite of polyphenol against oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PCA on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota in a weaned piglet model challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods:Thirty-six piglets (Pig Improvement Company line 337?×?C48, 28 d of age, 8.87?kg?±?0.11?kg BW) were randomly allocated into 3 treatments and fed with a basal diet (CTL), a diet added 50?mg/kg of aureomycin (AUR), or a diet supplemented with 4000?mg/kg of PCA, respectively. The piglets were challenged with LPS (10??g/kg BW) on d 14 and d 21 by intraperitoneal injection during the 21-d experiment. Animals (n?=?6 from each group) were sacrificed after being anesthetized by sodium pentobarbital at 2?h after the last injection of LPS. The serum was collected for antioxidant indices and inflammatory cytokines analysis, the ileum was harvested for detecting mRNA and protein levels of tight junction proteins by PCR and immunohistochemical staining, and the cecum chyme was collected for intestinal flora analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results:Dietary supplementation of PCA or AUR significantly increased the expression of tight junction proteins including ZO-1 and claudin-1 in intestinal mucosa, and decreased the serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and IL-6, as compared with CTL group. In addition, PCA also decreased the serum levels of IL-2 and TNF-? (P?<?0.05). Analysis of gut microbiota indicated that PCA increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (P?<?0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis at the genus level revealed that PCA reduced the relative abundance of Prevotella 9, Prevotella 2, Holdemanella, and Ruminococcus torques group (P?<?0.05), and increased the relative abundance of Roseburia and Desulfovibrio (P?<?0.05), whereas AUR had no significant effect on these bacteria. Conclusions:These results demonstrated that both PCA and AUR had protective effect on oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal barrier function in piglets challenged with LPS, and PCA potentially exerted the protective function by modulating intestinal flora in a way different from AUR. Holdemanella:

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Side-stream smoking reduces intestinal inflammation and increases expression of tight junction proteins.

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Side-stream smoking reduces intestinal inflammation and increases expression of tight junction proteins.

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