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Glyoxalase 1 increases anxiety by reducing GABAA receptor agonist methylglyoxal.

ABSTRACT: Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) expression has previously been associated with anxiety in mice; however, its role in anxiety is controversial, and the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that GLO1 increases anxiety by reducing levels of methylglyoxal (MG), a GABAA receptor agonist. Mice overexpressing Glo1 on a Tg bacterial artificial chromosome displayed increased anxiety-like behavior and reduced brain MG concentrations. Treatment with low doses of MG reduced anxiety-like behavior, while higher doses caused locomotor depression, ataxia, and hypothermia, which are characteristic effects of GABAA receptor activation. Consistent with these data, we found that physiological concentrations of MG selectively activated GABAA receptors in primary neurons. These data indicate that GLO1 increases anxiety by reducing levels of MG, thereby decreasing GABAA receptor activation. More broadly, our findings potentially link metabolic state, neuronal inhibitory tone, and behavior. Finally, we demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of GLO1 reduced anxiety, suggesting that GLO1 is a possible target for the treatment of anxiety disorders.

SUBMITTER: Distler MG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3366407 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Glyoxalase 1 increases anxiety by reducing GABAA receptor agonist methylglyoxal.

Distler Margaret G MG Plant Leigh D LD Sokoloff Greta G Hawk Andrew J AJ Aneas Ivy I Wuenschell Gerald E GE Termini John J Meredith Stephen C SC Nobrega Marcelo A MA Palmer Abraham A AA

The Journal of clinical investigation 20120515 6

Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) expression has previously been associated with anxiety in mice; however, its role in anxiety is controversial, and the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that GLO1 increases anxiety by reducing levels of methylglyoxal (MG), a GABAA receptor agonist. Mice overexpressing Glo1 on a Tg bacterial artificial chromosome displayed increased anxiety-like behavior and reduced brain MG concentrations. Treatment with low doses of MG reduced anxiety-like behavior, while ...[more]

PMID: 22585572

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Project description:ObjectiveDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is induced by an accumulation of reactive metabolites such as ROS, RNS, and RCS species, which were reported to modulate the activity of cation channels of the TRPC family. In this study, we use Trpc1/4/5/6-/- compound knockout mice to analyze the contribution of these TRPC proteins to diabetic retinopathy.MethodsWe used Nanostring- and qPCR-based analysis to determine mRNA levels of TRPC channels in control and diabetic retinae and retinal cell types. Chronic hyperglycemia was induced by Streptozotocin (STZ) treatment. To assess the development of diabetic retinopathy, vasoregression, pericyte loss, and thickness of individual retinal layers were analyzed. Plasma and cellular methylglyoxal (MG) levels, as well as Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) enzyme activity and protein expression, were measured in WT and Trpc1/4/5/6-/- cells or tissues. MG-evoked toxicity in cells of both genotypes was compared by MTT assay.ResultsWe find that Trpc1/4/5/6-/- mice are protected from hyperglycemia-evoked vasoregression determined by the formation of acellular capillaries and pericyte drop-out. In addition, Trpc1/4/5/6-/- mice are resistant to the STZ-induced reduction in retinal layer thickness. The RCS metabolite methylglyoxal, which represents a key mediator for the development of diabetic retinopathy, was significantly reduced in plasma and red blood cells (RBCs) of STZ-treated Trpc1/4/5/6-/- mice compared to controls. GLO1 is the major MG detoxifying enzyme, and its activity and protein expression were significantly elevated in Trpc1/4/5/6-deficient cells, which led to significantly increased resistance to MG toxicity. GLO1 activity was also increased in retinal extracts from Trpc1/4/5/6-/- mice. The TRPCs investigated here are expressed at different levels in endothelial and glial cells of the retina.ConclusionThe protective phenotype in diabetic retinopathy observed in Trpc1/4/5/6-/- mice is suggestive of a predominant action of TRPCs in Müller cells and microglia because of their central position in the retention of a proper homoeostasis of the neurovascular unit.

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Glyoxalase 1 increases anxiety by reducing GABAA receptor agonist methylglyoxal.

Publications

Glyoxalase 1 increases anxiety by reducing GABAA receptor agonist methylglyoxal.

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