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Demonstration of microchimerism in pregnant sows and effects of congenital PRRSV infection.

ABSTRACT: The presence of foreign cells within the tissue/circulation of an individual is described as microchimerism. The main purpose of the present investigation was to study if microchimerism occurs in healthy sows/fetuses and if porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection influences this phenomenon. Six dams were inoculated intranasally with PRRSV and three non-inoculated dams served as controls. Male DNA was detected in female fetal sera of all dams via PCR. Male DNA was also detected in the maternal circulation. Sex-typing FISH showed the presence of male cells in the female fetal organs and vice versa. PRRSV infection did not influence microchimerism, but might misuse maternal and sibling microchimeric cells to enter fetuses.

SUBMITTER: Karniychuk UU

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3368719 | biostudies-literature | 2012

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Demonstration of microchimerism in pregnant sows and effects of congenital PRRSV infection.

Karniychuk Uladzimir U UU Van Breedam Wander W Van Roy Nadine N Rogel-Gaillard Claire C Nauwynck Hans J HJ

Veterinary research 20120316

The presence of foreign cells within the tissue/circulation of an individual is described as microchimerism. The main purpose of the present investigation was to study if microchimerism occurs in healthy sows/fetuses and if porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection influences this phenomenon. Six dams were inoculated intranasally with PRRSV and three non-inoculated dams served as controls. Male DNA was detected in female fetal sera of all dams via PCR. Male DNA was al ...[more]

PMID: 22423651

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Project description:Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) remains an infectious agent with high importance in the swine industry. In this study, the influence of maternally derived antibodies (MDAs) on an experimental PRRSV-1 challenge is investigated. Piglets included in the study (n = 36) originated from a Belgian farrow-to-finish herd in which the sow population was routinely vaccinated with a modified live vaccine against PRRSV. Eighteen piglets were born from three PRRSV-seropositive sows (responders to vaccination) and had a clear presence of PRRSV-specific MDAs (E+ piglets). The other eighteen piglets were born from three PRRSV-seronegative sows (non-responders to vaccination) and did not have PRRSV-specific MDAs (E- piglets). In each group, twelve piglets were intranasally challenged with a high dose of the heterologous PRRSV-1 07V063 strain, the remaining piglets were mock-challenged (PBS) and served as controls. During the first days after infection, higher serum viremia and nasal shedding were observed in the challenged E- piglets compared to the challenged E+ piglets. However, at 10 days post-infection, the peak serum viremia was significantly higher in the E+ piglets in comparison to the E- piglets and serum viremia remained slightly higher in this group until the end of the study. Additionally, the two challenged groups had a different immune response to the PRRSV infection. The E- challenged piglets showed an earlier and more intense seroconversion, leading to significantly higher antibody titers at 10 dpi compared to the E+ challenged piglets. Furthermore, a trend towards both higher induction of serum IFN-γ and higher induction of IFN-γ secreting cells was observed in the E- challenged piglets. In contrast, a significantly higher induction of serum TNF-α at 7 dpi was seen in the E+ challenged piglets compared to the E- challenged piglets. The results gathered in this study suggest that PRRSV-specific MDAs induce partial protection during the early stages of infection but are not sufficient to protect against a high challenge dose. The presence of piglets lacking PRRSV-specific MDAs might pose a risk for PRRSV infection and enhanced transmission in pig farms in young piglets.

Project description:This study aimed to investigate the effects of different supplementation levels of stevia residues in high-fiber diets on the fecal microorganisms of pregnant sows. Forty-eight first-farrowing Danish Landrace sows with similar weight, age, and due date were randomly divided into four groups. The control group was fed a normal diet (CON; 3.15% crude fiber content), and the treatment groups were supplemented with 20% stevia residue (SRL), 30% stevia residue (SRM), or 40% stevia residue (SRH) stevia residue, with crude fiber content of 7.79%, 9.15%, and 10.68%, respectively. The test period was 135 days, and Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing was used to test the fecal bacteria of the pregnant sows on day 56. Compared to the control group, species diversity was greater in the 30% stevia residue group. At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Spirochaetes had the greatest relative abundances; Firmicutes was most abundant in the SRM group, and Spirochaetes was most abundant in the CON group. At the genus level, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group, and Treponema_2 had the highest relative abundances in the stevia-residue treatments. Among them, Lactobacillus and Treponema_2 were more abundant in SRL, Streptococcus was more abundant in SRH, and Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group was more abundant in SRM. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) showed that the bacterial species differed among the stevia residue treatments. SRL mainly included g__Lactobacillus and g__Romboutsi, SRM mainly included g__Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group and g__Ruminococcaceae_UCG_014, SRH mainly included g__Streptococcus, and CON mainly included g__Treponema_2, f__Clostridiaceae_1, g__norank_f__Muribaculaceae, and g__norank_f__p_251_o5. Stevia-residue supplementation significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as g__Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group, g__Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, and g__Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 (p < 0.05), and significantly reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria, such as Treponema_2 (p < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the control group, the stevia-residues treatment groups reduced the feed cost 8.33%, 12.50%, and 13.33% per sow per day, respectively. In conclusion, high-fiber diets can improve the intestinal balance and evenness index of the intestinal flora in pregnant sows, promote the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, reduce the relative abundance of harmful bacteria, and reduce feed cost. The optimal supplementation level of the stevia residue was found to be 30%.

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Demonstration of microchimerism in pregnant sows and effects of congenital PRRSV infection.

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Demonstration of microchimerism in pregnant sows and effects of congenital PRRSV infection.

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