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Downregulation of the CCK-B receptor in pancreatic cancer cells blocks proliferation and promotes apoptosis.

ABSTRACT: Gastrin stimulates the growth of pancreatic cancer cells through the activation of the cholecystokinin-B receptor (CCK-BR), which has been found to be overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. In this study, we proposed that the CCK-BR drives growth of pancreatic cancer; hence, interruption of CCK-BR activity could potentially be an ideal target for cancer therapeutics. The effect of CCK-BR downregulation in the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells was examined by utilizing specific CCK-BR-targeted RNA interference reagents. The CCK-BR receptor expression was both transiently and stably downregulated by transfection with selective CCK-BR small-interfering RNA or short-hairpin RNA, respectively, and the effects on cell growth and apoptosis were assessed. CCK-BR downregulation resulted in reduced cancer cell proliferation, decreased DNA synthesis, and cell cycle arrest as demonstrated by an inhibition of G(1) to S phase progression. Furthermore, CCK-BR downregulation increased caspase-3 activity, TUNEL-positive cells, and decreased X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein expression, suggesting apoptotic activity. Pancreatic cancer cell mobility was decreased when the CCK-BR was downregulated, as assessed by a migration assay. These results show the importance of the CCK-BR in regulation of growth and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer. Strategies to decrease the CCK-BR expression and activity may be beneficial for the development of new methods to improve the treatment for patients with pancreatic cancer.

SUBMITTER: Fino KK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3378167 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Downregulation of the CCK-B receptor in pancreatic cancer cells blocks proliferation and promotes apoptosis.

Fino Kristin K KK Matters Gail L GL McGovern Christopher O CO Gilius Evan L EL Smith Jill P JP

American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20120322 11

Gastrin stimulates the growth of pancreatic cancer cells through the activation of the cholecystokinin-B receptor (CCK-BR), which has been found to be overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. In this study, we proposed that the CCK-BR drives growth of pancreatic cancer; hence, interruption of CCK-BR activity could potentially be an ideal target for cancer therapeutics. The effect of CCK-BR downregulation in the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells was examined by utilizing specific CCK-BR-targeted R ...[more]

PMID: 22442157

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Project description:Background:Our previous study showed that the ribosomal protein L21 (RPL21) may play an important role in the development and survival of pancreatic cancer. In this article, RNA interference (RNAi) experiments were performed with RPL21-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) to elucidate the mechanism by which RPL21 controls PC PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cell proliferation. Methods:In the present study, PANC-1, BxPC-3 cells, and BALB/c nude mice were used to investigate antitumor effect and mechanism by which RPL21 controls cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. The effects of RPL21 knockdown on PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell apoptosis in vitro were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays and flow cytometry assay. The mechanism of RPL21 regulating cell proliferation was investigated using transcriptome sequencing analysis and luciferase reporter assay. The effects of RPL21 knockdown on PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cell proliferation in vivo were determined using BALB/c nude mice tumor model. Results:In PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells, the knockdown of RPL21 expression with corresponding siRNA suppressed cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, inhibited DNA replication, and induced arrests in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Further results showed that the mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) protein family (MCM2-7), CCND1 and CCNE1 were down-regulated significantly in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells after transfected with RPL21 siRNA, which suggests that the suppression of DNA replication is due to the reduced expression of MCM2-7 family, and the induction of G1 arrest is correlated with the inhibition of CCND1 and CCNE1. Luciferase reporter assay showed that RPL21 controls the DNA replication and G1-S phase progression possibly through the regulation of E2F1 transcription factor in PC cells. Moreover, RPL21 siRNA showed an apoptosis-inducing effect only in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells but not in normal HPDE6-C7 cells. The increase of caspase-8 activities and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential after RPL21 silencing indicates that the RPL21 gene may be involved in caspase-8-related mitochondrial apoptosis. Conclusion:Our findings suggest that siRNA against the RPL21 gene possesses a potential anti-cancer activity for PC cells by inhibiting their proliferation and DNA replication, as well as inducing cell cycle G1 arrest and cell apoptosis.

Project description:Background: As a malignant tumor, pancreatic cancer is difficult to detect in its early stage. Pancreatic cancer progresses rapidly and has a short survival time. Most cases have metastasized to distant organs before diagnosis. The mechanism of induction of pancreatic cancer is not fully understood. Methods: In this study, bioinformatics predicted ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 12 (ABCA12) expression in pancreatic tissues and performed survival analysis, risk assessment, and enrichment analysis. The expression of ABCA12 in 30 pairs of clinical samples was detected by immunohistochemistry and we analyzed its correlation with clinical information. Both reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis were used to detect mRNA and protein expression in cell lines. Two different siRNAs and SW1990 cell line were used to construct pancreatic cancer cell models with ABCA12 knockdown. Cell viability was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and EdU proliferation assays. Wound healing assays and Transwell assays were used to measure the ability of cell migration and invasion. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the effect of ABCA12 on the proliferation cycle and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer. Western blot analysis detected changes in apoptosis, migration, and other pathway proteins in SW1990 cells after transfection. Results: ABCA12 is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues and cells. After ABCA12 was knocked down, the proliferation, invasion, and migration of SW1990 cells were significantly reduced, and apoptosis was increased. The changes in pathway proteins suggested that ABCA12 may regulate the progression of pancreatic cancer through the AKT pathway. Conclusion: We found that ABCA12 is differentially expressed in pancreatic tissues and cells. ABCA12 can also affect the biological behavior of pancreatic cancer cells effectively, which may serve as a new target for pancreatic cancer diagnosis and treatment.

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Downregulation of the CCK-B receptor in pancreatic cancer cells blocks proliferation and promotes apoptosis.

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Downregulation of the CCK-B receptor in pancreatic cancer cells blocks proliferation and promotes apoptosis.

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