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Perspectives of patients, family caregivers and physicians about the use of opioids for refractory dyspnea in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

ABSTRACT: A recent national practice guideline recommends the use of opioids for the treatment of refractory dyspnea in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We conducted two qualitative studies to explore the experiences of patients and family caregivers with opioids for refractory COPD-related dyspnea and the perspectives and attitudes of physicians toward opioids in this context.Patients (n = 8; 5 men, 3 women), their caregivers (n = 12; 5 men, 7 women) and physicians (n = 28, 17 men, 11 women) in Nova Scotia participated in the studies. Semistructured interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded conceptually and analyzed for emergent themes using interpretive description methodology.Patients reported that opioids provided a sense of calm and relief from severe dyspnea. Family caregivers felt that opioids helped patients to breathe more "normally," observed improvements in patients' symptoms of anxiety and depression, and experienced reductions in their own stress. Patients reported substantial improvements in their quality of life. All patients and family caregivers wanted opioid therapy to continue. Most physicians were reluctant to prescribe opioids for refractory dyspnea, describing a lack of related knowledge and experience, and fears related to the potential adverse effects and legal censure.Discrepancies between the positive experiences of patients and family caregivers with opioids and the reluctance of physicians to prescribe opioids for refractory dyspnea constitute an important gap in care. Bridging this gap will require initiatives to improve the uptake of practice guidelines and to increase confidence in prescribing opioids for dyspnea refractory to conventional treatment.

SUBMITTER: Rocker G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3381775 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Perspectives of patients, family caregivers and physicians about the use of opioids for refractory dyspnea in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Rocker Graeme G Young Joanne J Donahue Margaret M Farquhar Morag M Simpson Catherine C

CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne 20120423 9

<h4>Background</h4>A recent national practice guideline recommends the use of opioids for the treatment of refractory dyspnea in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We conducted two qualitative studies to explore the experiences of patients and family caregivers with opioids for refractory COPD-related dyspnea and the perspectives and attitudes of physicians toward opioids in this context.<h4>Methods</h4>Patients (n = 8; 5 men, 3 women), their caregivers (n = 12; ...[more]

PMID: 22529167

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Project description:BackgroundDyspnea that is refractory to conventional treatments affects up to 50% of patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although professional societies recommend opioids in this setting, evidence supporting their use over months is limited. We conducted a multicentre mixed-methods study to understand patients' experiences when opioids are added to optimized conventional treatments for advanced COPD.MethodsA total of 44 patients (median age 74, range 51-89 years) agreed to participate in this 6-month study. After baseline assessments, immediate-release morphine sulfate syrup (initially 0.5 mg twice daily) was slowly titrated upward based on weekly assessments of symptoms. We conducted semistructured interviews and collected contemporaneous measures of health-related quality of life, severity of dyspnea, anxiety, depression, global ratings of opioid "helpfulness" and adverse effects before, at 2 months and at 4-6 months after opioids were started.ResultsOf the 44 patients, 32 (73%) completed the trial; 27 (90%) of 30 patients reported the opioid treatment as very (43%) or somewhat (47%) helpful. Three main themes emerged from the patients' overall positive experiences: small gains have big impact; realign hopes with reality; and "try it." Significant improvements were observed in median (interquartile range) scores between baseline and 4-6 months' assessment for health-related quality of life (Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire: 3.5 [2.8-4.0] v. 4.2 [3.6-4.8]; and Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire-Dyspnea domain: 2.8 [2.3-3.6] v. 3.9 [2.8-4.5]) and decreases in severity of dyspnea (numerical rating scale: 7.0 [5.0-8.0] v. 5.0 [4.0-6.0]). Adverse effects were minimal for most patients.InterpretationOpioids were a helpful and acceptable intervention for refractory dyspnea in patients with advanced COPD. Many of the patients experienced sustained benefits over months, which supports recent recommendations to consider opioids in this setting.Trial registrationClinicalTrial.gov, no. NCT00982891.

Project description:Purpose/Objectives: Family caregivers of individuals living with cancer are often highly involved in communication with healthcare teams, yet little is known about their experiences, needs, and preferences in this role. To address this gap in the knowledge base, researchers sought to explore family caregivers' perspectives on communication with oncology care providers. Design and Methods: Researchers conducted a secondary inductive thematic analysis of qualitative interviews originally collected as part of a randomized clinical trial of a supportive intervention for family caregivers of patients with cancer (N?=?63). Participants: Participants were family caregivers of adult patients with cancer. Most were patients' spouses/long-term partners (52.3%) or adult children/grandchildren (29.2%). Caregivers of patients with all cancer types and stages of disease progression were eligible for study enrollment. Findings: Caregivers valued communication with healthcare providers who were attentive, genuine, broadly focused on patients and caregivers' experiences, sensitive to unmet information needs, and responsive to the potentially different communication preferences of patients and caregivers. Interpretation: Family caregivers expressed a strong preference for person-centered communication, conceptualized as communication that helps healthcare providers meet the needs of patients and caregivers both as individuals and as an interdependent unit of care, and that acknowledges individuals' experiences beyond their prescribed roles of "cancer patient" and "caregiver." Implications for Psychosocial Oncology Practice: Psychosocial oncology providers' strong orientation to the biopsychosocial and spiritual aspects of cancer care delivery make them uniquely positioned to support family caregivers. Findings suggest that providers should explicitly communicate their commitment to both patient and family care, involve family caregivers in psychosocial assessment activities and subsequent intervention, and strive to honor patients and caregivers' potentially different communication preferences.

Dataset Information

Perspectives of patients, family caregivers and physicians about the use of opioids for refractory dyspnea in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Publications

Perspectives of patients, family caregivers and physicians about the use of opioids for refractory dyspnea in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Similar Datasets

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