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Development of iron-doped silicon nanoparticles as bimodal imaging agents.

ABSTRACT: We demonstrate the synthesis of water-soluble allylamine-terminated Fe-doped Si (Si(xFe)) nanoparticles as bimodal agents for optical and magnetic imaging. The preparation involves the synthesis of a single-source iron-containing precursor, Na(4)Si(4) with x% Fe (x = 1, 5, 10), and its subsequent reaction with NH(4)Br to produce hydrogen-terminated Si(xFe) nanoparticles. The hydrogen-capped nanoparticles are further terminated with allylamine via thermal hydrosilylation. Transmission electron microscopy indicates that the average particle diameter is ?3.0 ± 1.0 nm. The Si(5Fe) nanoparticles show strong photoluminescence quantum yield in water (?10%) with significant T(2) contrast (r(2)/r(1) value of 4.31). Electron paramagnetic resonance and Mössbauer spectroscopies indicate that iron in the nanoparticles is in the +3 oxidation state. Analysis of cytotoxicity using the resazurin assay on HepG2 liver cells indicates that the particles have minimal toxicity.

SUBMITTER: Singh MP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3383901 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Development of iron-doped silicon nanoparticles as bimodal imaging agents.

Singh Mani P MP Atkins Tonya M TM Muthuswamy Elayaraja E Kamali Saeed S Tu Chuqiao C Louie Angelique Y AY Kauzlarich Susan M SM

ACS nano 20120529 6

We demonstrate the synthesis of water-soluble allylamine-terminated Fe-doped Si (Si(xFe)) nanoparticles as bimodal agents for optical and magnetic imaging. The preparation involves the synthesis of a single-source iron-containing precursor, Na(4)Si(4) with x% Fe (x = 1, 5, 10), and its subsequent reaction with NH(4)Br to produce hydrogen-terminated Si(xFe) nanoparticles. The hydrogen-capped nanoparticles are further terminated with allylamine via thermal hydrosilylation. Transmission electron mi ...[more]

PMID: 22616623

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Project description:This work highlights an automated method for enzyme immobilization via 4-triethoxysilylbutyraldehyde (TESB) and 11-triethoxysilylundecanal (TESU) derived silicone-based coupling agents. From the various coupling strategies we scrutinized, TESB and 4-triethoxysilylbutanoic acid (TESBA), the carboxylic acid derivative, were determined to be the most effective. The resulting immobilized enzyme particles (IEPs) displayed robustness and rapid digestion, while also implementing a more streamlined IEP washing procedure. The physical size of IEPs did not correlate to digestion efficiency, providing insights for potential cost-saving’s in enzyme utilization. Immobilization efficiency was determined to be 50.8 ± 7.7% as validated by Bradford's assay. Furthermore, we adapted the IEP procedure into an automated format with a Bravo liquid handler. This allowed for multiple enzymes, and/or coupling agents to be fabricated at once on a 96-well microplate, in a fraction of the time. The automated trypsin TESB and TESBA IEPs rivaled the classical in-gel digestion method for the analysis of Jurkat cell lysate, achieving similar protein group identifications. Moreover, pepsin IEPs favored cleavage at leucine (>50%) over phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and methionine residues. Further, when miscleavages occurred, they tended to be at tyrosine residues, or when two aromatic residues were adjacent. The IEP method was then adapted for an in-situ immobilized enzyme microreactor (IMER) fabrication. We determined that TESBA could serve two roles by functionalizing the silica capillary's inner wall, and simultaneously acting as an enzyme coupler. The IMER digestion of bovine serum albumin (BSA), mirroring IEP digestion conditions, yielded a 33-40% primary sequence coverage per LC-MS/MS analysis in as little as 15 minutes. Overall, our findings underscore the potential of both IEP and IMER methods, paving the way for automated analysis and a reduction in enzyme waste through reuse, thereby contributing to a more cost-effective and timely study of the proteome.

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Development of iron-doped silicon nanoparticles as bimodal imaging agents.

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Development of iron-doped silicon nanoparticles as bimodal imaging agents.

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