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GogB is an anti-inflammatory effector that limits tissue damage during Salmonella infection through interaction with human FBXO22 and Skp1.

ABSTRACT: Bacterial pathogens often manipulate host immune pathways to establish acute and chronic infection. Many Gram-negative bacteria do this by secreting effector proteins through a type III secretion system that alter the host response to the pathogen. In this study, we determined that the phage-encoded GogB effector protein in Salmonella targets the host SCF E3 type ubiquitin ligase through an interaction with Skp1 and the human F-box only 22 (FBXO22) protein. Domain mapping and functional knockdown studies indicated that GogB-containing bacteria inhibited I?B degradation and NF?B activation in macrophages, which required Skp1 and a eukaryotic-like F-box motif in the C-terminal domain of GogB. GogB-deficient Salmonella were unable to limit NF?B activation, which lead to increased proinflammatory responses in infected mice accompanied by extensive tissue damage and enhanced colonization in the gut during long-term chronic infections. We conclude that GogB is an anti-inflammatory effector that helps regulate inflammation-enhanced colonization by limiting tissue damage during infection.

SUBMITTER: Pilar AV

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3386239 | biostudies-literature | 2012

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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GogB is an anti-inflammatory effector that limits tissue damage during Salmonella infection through interaction with human FBXO22 and Skp1.

Pilar Ana Victoria C AV Reid-Yu Sarah A SA Cooper Colin A CA Mulder David T DT Coombes Brian K BK

PLoS pathogens 20120628 6

Bacterial pathogens often manipulate host immune pathways to establish acute and chronic infection. Many Gram-negative bacteria do this by secreting effector proteins through a type III secretion system that alter the host response to the pathogen. In this study, we determined that the phage-encoded GogB effector protein in Salmonella targets the host SCF E3 type ubiquitin ligase through an interaction with Skp1 and the human F-box only 22 (FBXO22) protein. Domain mapping and functional knockdow ...[more]

PMID: 22761574

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Project description:Objective/Hypothesis: To assess the efficacy and mechanism of action of a novel approach to mitigate acute and chronic radiation toxicity in a validated animal model. We propose that synthetic triterpenoid RTA-408, an Nrf2 activator, activates additional protective pathways which stabilize soft tissue during radiation, thereby reducing necrosis and improves surgical outcomes in a subsequently created axial rotational flap. Methods: Experimental animal study utilizing Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 cohorts: (i) radiation + DMSO (inert vehicle), (ii) radiation + RTA-408 (therapeutic drug), and (iii) no radiation + DMSO. Two main groups of rats were utilized in these experiments: (i) rotational flap experiment (n=40) and (ii) transcriptome analysis (n=9). In the first experiment all animals in the radiation cohorts underwent 40 Gy of radiation to the soft tissue of the abdomen. Then all three cohorts underwent surgery with construction of an inferior epigastric axial rotational flap, which was performed 30 days after resolution of acute injury from radiation in the radiation groups. Percentage of flap necrosis, the primary endpoint, was calculated by standardized measurement of tissue necrosis by blinded observers and vascular density measured by CD31 staining. In a second experiment, an additional three cohorts, with identical treatment as described above underwent serial punch biopsies of the abdominal skin before, during, and after radiation and drug/vehicle control treatment. Transcriptome analysis utilizing gene set enrichment analysis and digital PCR were performed at the various timepoints. Results: In the first experiment, 40 rats were divided into the three groups and underwent treatment accordingly. The average flap necrosis was 20% (95% CI, 16-45%) in the radiation control group, 3% (95% CI, 0-11%) in the non-irradiated control, and 3% (95% CI, 0.2-10%) in the radiation group treated with RTA-408. Vascular density was preserved in the treatment group as compared to the radiated control. Nine rats were included in the second experiment, and transcriptome analyses in the treatment group revealed robust activation of antioxidant pathways with induced expression of genes associated with hypoxia and adipogenesis/angiogenesis. Conclusions: Administration of RTA-408 during radiation treatment in a rat model resulted in transcriptome changes which appear to mitigate the toxic effects of radiation, preserving capillary networks and improving flap survival and tissue healing after subsequent surgery. Such reductions in toxicity may have broad implications for functional outcomes and salvage surgery following therapeutic irradiation.

Dataset Information

GogB is an anti-inflammatory effector that limits tissue damage during Salmonella infection through interaction with human FBXO22 and Skp1.

Publications

GogB is an anti-inflammatory effector that limits tissue damage during Salmonella infection through interaction with human FBXO22 and Skp1.

Similar Datasets

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