Dataset Information

Cigarette smoking among college students: longitudinal trajectories and health outcomes.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Light and intermittent patterns of cigarette smoking are prevalent among U.S. college-aged individuals. It is unclear whether intermittent smokers maintain their use over time or are transitioning to daily use or nonuse, and whether they experience more adverse health outcomes than nonsmokers.

Methods

This study examined the trajectories of tobacco cigarette smoking, their predictors, and health outcomes among students (N = 1,253) assessed during their first year of college (Y(1)) and annually thereafter (Y(2), Y(3), and Y(4)).

Results

In Y(1), 3.4% smoked daily and 4.1% exhibited signs of dependence (first cigarette within 30 min of waking). Growth curve modeling identified five distinct smoking trajectories. After stable nonsmokers (71.5%(wt)), the low-stable smoking trajectory was the most common (13.3%(wt)), outnumbering both low-increasing (6.5%(wt)) and high-stable smokers (5.5%(wt)) by 2:1 and high-decreasing smokers (3.2%(wt)) by 4:1. The likelihood of maintaining a low level of smoking over time was inversely related to Y(1) smoking frequency. Few demographic, smoking, and alcohol use characteristics measured in Y(1) distinguished low-increasers from low-stable smokers or high-decreasers from high-stable smokers. By Y(4), high-stable smokers rated their health significantly worse than all others except low-increasers. High-stable smokers had the most Y(4) health problems (i.e., provider visits for health problems and days of illness-related impairment), but only among nonWhites.

Conclusions

Many college students smoke, but few smoke daily or are nicotine dependent. Intermittent smoking patterns are often stable throughout college and are associated with adverse health outcomes. Prevention strategies should be designed to mitigate the possible long-term health consequences of light and intermittent smoking.

SUBMITTER: Caldeira KM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3390552 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Cigarette smoking among college students: longitudinal trajectories and health outcomes.

Caldeira Kimberly M KM O'Grady Kevin E KE Garnier-Dykstra Laura M LM Vincent Kathryn B KB Pickworth Wallace B WB Arria Amelia M AM

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 20120515 7

<h4>Introduction</h4>Light and intermittent patterns of cigarette smoking are prevalent among U.S. college-aged individuals. It is unclear whether intermittent smokers maintain their use over time or are transitioning to daily use or nonuse, and whether they experience more adverse health outcomes than nonsmokers.<h4>Methods</h4>This study examined the trajectories of tobacco cigarette smoking, their predictors, and health outcomes among students (N = 1,253) assessed during their first year of c ...[more]

PMID: 22589418

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Project description:The first goal of this study was to identify the most appropriate measure of cigarette smoking for identifying unique smoking trajectories among adolescents; the second goal was to describe the resulting trajectories and their characteristics. Using 15 annual waves of smoking data in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), we conducted an exploratory latent class growth analysis to determine the best of four outcome variables for yearly smoking (cigarettes per day on days smoked, days smoked per month, mean cigarettes per day, and total cigarettes per month) among individuals aged 12 to 30 (n = 8,791). Days smoked per month was the best outcome variable for identifying unique longitudinal trajectories of smoking and characteristics of these trajectories that could be used to target different types of smokers for prevention and cessation. Objective statistics were used to identify four trajectories in addition to never smokers (34.1%): experimenters (13.6%), quitters (8.1%), early established smokers (39.0%), and late escalators (5.2%). We identified a quitter and late escalator class not identified in the only other comparable latent class growth analysis. Logistic regressions were used to identify the characteristics of individuals in each trajectory. Compared with never smokers, all trajectories except late escalators were less likely to be black; experimenters were more likely to be out of school and unemployed and drink alcohol in adolescence; quitters were more likely to have a mother with a high school degree/GED or higher (versus none) and to use substances in adolescence and less likely to have ever married as a young adult; early established smokers were more likely to have a mother with a high school diploma or GED, be out of school and unemployed, not live with both parents, have used substances, be depressed, and have peers who smoked in adolescence and to have children as young adults and less likely to be Hispanic and to have ever married as young adults; and late escalators were more likely to be Hispanic, drink alcohol, and break rules in adolescence and less likely to have ever married as young adults. Because of the number of waves of data analyzed, this analysis provided a clearer temporal depiction of smoking behavior and more easily distinguishable smoking trajectories than previous analyses. Tobacco control interventions need to move beyond youth-focused approaches to reach all smokers.

Project description:BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) tend to cluster together in daily life, and most studies focus on the level of depression at certain points, but the dynamic process of depression is often neglected. Thus, research is urgently needed to explore the relationship between ACEs pattern and trajectory of depressive symptom levels at multiple time points in order to provides early targeted interventions to those who are most at risk.ObjectiveWe aimed to explore patterns of ACEs, including types and timing, associated with depression trajectories in college students.MethodsA school-based health survey was used to collect data as part of a longitudinal study in two medical college in Anhui province, China. Questionnaires were issued to 3,662 participants aged 17-22 and recorded details of ACEs (types and timing) and depression. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify "patterns" of ACEs type and timing. Depressive symptom trajectories employed latent class growth analysis (LCGA). Multiple logistic regressions were employed to evaluate the relationships between ACEs patterns and depressive symptom trajectories.ResultsWe identified five ACEs patterns: "High neglect/emotional abuse/community violence," "High neglect/emotional abuse," "High neglect/family dysfunction," "High neglect," "Low ACEs." We traced three depression trajectories: "High depressive symptom" "Moderate depressive symptom," "Low depressive symptom." "High neglect/emotional abuse/community violence," "High neglect/emotional abuse" and "High neglect/family dysfunction" demonstrated a high risk for "High depressive symptom" and "Moderate depressive symptom." "High neglect" showed a high risk for "Moderate depressive symptom" but not for "High depressive symptom" (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe findings address the need for a comprehensive consideration of exposure to childhood adversity associated with the risk of depression in young adults through identifying more problematic ACEs patterns amongst exposed children.

Dataset Information

Cigarette smoking among college students: longitudinal trajectories and health outcomes.

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Cigarette smoking among college students: longitudinal trajectories and health outcomes.

Similar Datasets

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