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High-throughput genomic sequencing of cassava bacterial blight strains identifies conserved effectors to target for durable resistance.

ABSTRACT: Cassava bacterial blight (CBB), incited by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam), is the most important bacterial disease of cassava, a staple food source for millions of people in developing countries. Here we present a widely applicable strategy for elucidating the virulence components of a pathogen population. We report Illumina-based draft genomes for 65 Xam strains and deduce the phylogenetic relatedness of Xam across the areas where cassava is grown. Using an extensive database of effector proteins from animal and plant pathogens, we identify the effector repertoire for each sequenced strain and use a comparative sequence analysis to deduce the least polymorphic of the conserved effectors. These highly conserved effectors have been maintained over 11 countries, three continents, and 70 y of evolution and as such represent ideal targets for developing resistance strategies.

SUBMITTER: Bart R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3396514 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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High-throughput genomic sequencing of cassava bacterial blight strains identifies conserved effectors to target for durable resistance.

Bart Rebecca R Cohn Megan M Kassen Andrew A McCallum Emily J EJ Shybut Mikel M Petriello Annalise A Krasileva Ksenia K Dahlbeck Douglas D Medina Cesar C Alicai Titus T Kumar Lava L Moreira Leandro M LM Rodrigues Neto Júlio J Verdier Valerie V Santana María Angélica MA Kositcharoenkul Nuttima N Vanderschuren Hervé H Gruissem Wilhelm W Bernal Adriana A Staskawicz Brian J BJ

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20120613 28

Cassava bacterial blight (CBB), incited by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam), is the most important bacterial disease of cassava, a staple food source for millions of people in developing countries. Here we present a widely applicable strategy for elucidating the virulence components of a pathogen population. We report Illumina-based draft genomes for 65 Xam strains and deduce the phylogenetic relatedness of Xam across the areas where cassava is grown. Using an extensive database of eff ...[more]

PMID: 22699502

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Project description:Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common cause of heart failure. Excessive production of ROS plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling after MI. NADPH with NADPH oxidase (Nox)2 as the catalytic subunit is a major source of superoxide production, and expression is significantly increased in the infarcted myocardium, especially by infiltrating macrophages. While microRNAs (miRNAs) are potent regulators of gene expression and play an important role in heart disease, there still lacks efficient ways to identify miRNAs that target important pathological genes for treating MI. Thus, the overall objective was to establish a miRNA screening and delivery system for improving heart function after MI using Nox2 as a critical target. With the use of the miRNA-target screening system composed of a self-assembled cell microarray (SAMcell), three miRNAs, miR-106b, miR-148b, and miR-204, were identified that could regulate Nox2 expression and its downstream products in both human and mouse macrophages. Each of these miRNAs were encapsulated into polyketal (PK3) nanoparticles that could effectively deliver miRNAs into macrophages. Both in vitro and in vivo studies in mice confirmed that PK3-miRNAs particles could inhibit Nox2 expression and activity and significantly improve infarct size and acute cardiac function after MI. In conclusion, our results show that miR-106b, miR-148b, and miR-204 were able to improve heart function after myocardial infarction in mice by targeting Nox2 and possibly altering inflammatory cytokine production. This screening system and delivery method could have broader implications for miRNA-mediated therapeutics for cardiovascular and other diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY NADPH oxidase (Nox)2 is a promising target for treating cardiovascular disease, but there are no specific inhibitors. Finding endogenous signals that can target Nox2 and other inflammatory molecules is of great interest. In this study, we used high-throughput screening to identify microRNAs that target Nox2 and improve cardiac function after infarction.

Dataset Information

High-throughput genomic sequencing of cassava bacterial blight strains identifies conserved effectors to target for durable resistance.

Publications

High-throughput genomic sequencing of cassava bacterial blight strains identifies conserved effectors to target for durable resistance.

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