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Development of a sea anemone toxin as an immunomodulator for therapy of autoimmune diseases.

ABSTRACT: Electrophysiological and pharmacological studies coupled with molecular identification have revealed a unique network of ion channels--Kv1.3, KCa3.1, CRAC (Orai1 + Stim1), TRPM7, Cl(swell)--in lymphocytes that initiates and maintains the calcium signaling cascade required for activation. The expression pattern of these channels changes during lymphocyte activation and differentiation, allowing the functional network to adapt during an immune response. The Kv1.3 channel is of interest because it plays a critical role in subsets of T and B lymphocytes implicated in autoimmune disorders. The ShK toxin from the sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus is a potent blocker of Kv1.3. ShK-186, a synthetic analog of ShK, is being developed as a therapeutic for autoimmune diseases, and is scheduled to begin first-in-man phase-1 trials in 2011. This review describes the journey that has led to the development of ShK-186.

SUBMITTER: Chi V 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3397671 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Development of a sea anemone toxin as an immunomodulator for therapy of autoimmune diseases.

Chi Victor V   Pennington Michael W MW   Norton Raymond S RS   Tarcha Eric J EJ   Londono Luz M LM   Sims-Fahey Brian B   Upadhyay Sanjeev K SK   Lakey Jonathan T JT   Iadonato Shawn S   Wulff Heike H   Beeton Christine C   Chandy K George KG  

Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology 20110812 4

Electrophysiological and pharmacological studies coupled with molecular identification have revealed a unique network of ion channels--Kv1.3, KCa3.1, CRAC (Orai1 + Stim1), TRPM7, Cl(swell)--in lymphocytes that initiates and maintains the calcium signaling cascade required for activation. The expression pattern of these channels changes during lymphocyte activation and differentiation, allowing the functional network to adapt during an immune response. The Kv1.3 channel is of interest because it  ...[more]