Dataset Information

Distribution of MdACS3 null alleles in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) and its relevance to the fruit ripening characters.

ABSTRACT: Expression of MdACS3a, one of the ripening-related ACC synthase genes, plays a pivotal role in initiating the burst of ethylene production by MdACS1 in apple fruit. Although previous studies have demonstrated the presence of MdACS3a-null alleles through deficiency of transcription activity or loss of enzyme activity due to amino acid substitution, which may affect the storage properties of certain fruit cultivars, an overall picture of these null alleles in cultivars is still lacking. The present study investigated the distribution of null allelic genes in 103 cultivars and 172 breeding selections by using a simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker linked to them. The results indicated that both allelic genes were widely distributed throughout the examined cultivars and selections, some occurring as the null genotype, either homozygously or heterozygously, with each null allele. The implications of MdACS3a distribution results and the influence of its null allelotypes in fruit characters are discussed.

SUBMITTER: Bai S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3405948 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Distribution of MdACS3 null alleles in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) and its relevance to the fruit ripening characters.

Bai Songling S Wang Aide A Igarashi Megumi M Kon Tomoyuki T Fukasawa-Akada Tomoko T Li Tianzhong T Harada Takeo T Hatsuyama Yoshimichi Y

Breeding science 20120320 1

Expression of MdACS3a, one of the ripening-related ACC synthase genes, plays a pivotal role in initiating the burst of ethylene production by MdACS1 in apple fruit. Although previous studies have demonstrated the presence of MdACS3a-null alleles through deficiency of transcription activity or loss of enzyme activity due to amino acid substitution, which may affect the storage properties of certain fruit cultivars, an overall picture of these null alleles in cultivars is still lacking. The presen ...[more]

PMID: 23136513

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Project description:Freezing tolerance is a significant trait in plants that grow in cold environments and survive through the winter. Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is a cold-tolerant fruit tree, and the cold tolerance of its bark is important for its survival at low temperatures. However, little is known about the gene activity related to its freezing tolerance. To better understand the gene expression and regulation properties of freezing tolerance in dormant apple trees, we analyzed the transcriptomic divergences in the bark from 1-year-old branches of two apple cultivars, "Golden Delicious" (G) and "Jinhong" (H), which have different levels of cold resistance, under chilling and freezing treatments. "H" can safely overwinter below -30?°C in extremely low-temperature regions, whereas "G" experiences severe freezing damage and death in similar environments. Based on 28 bark transcriptomes (from the epidermis, phloem, and cambium) from 1-year-old branches under seven temperature treatments (from 4 to -29?°C), we identified 4173 and 7734 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in "G" and "H", respectively, between the chilling and freezing treatments. A gene coexpression network was constructed according to this expression information using weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA), and seven biologically meaningful coexpression modules were identified from the network. The expression profiles of the genes from these modules suggested the gene regulatory pathways that are responsible for the chilling and freezing stress responses of "G" and/or "H." Module 7 was probably related to freezing acclimation and freezing damage in "H" at the lower temperatures. This module contained more interconnected hub transcription factors (TFs) and cold-responsive genes (CORs). Modules 6 and 7 contained C-repeat binding factor (CBF) TFs, and many CBF-dependent homologs were identified as hub genes. We also found that some hub TFs had higher intramodular connectivity (KME) and gene significance (GS) than CBFs. Specifically, most hub TFs in modules 6 and 7 were activated at the beginning of the early freezing stress phase and maintained upregulated expression during the whole freezing stress period in "G" and "H". The upregulation of DEGs related to methionine and carbohydrate biosynthetic processes in "H" under more severe freezing stress supported the maintenance of homeostasis in the cellular membrane. This study improves our understanding of the transcriptional regulation patterns underlying freezing tolerance in the bark of apple branches.

Project description:KEY MESSAGE:Comparative ultrastructural developmental time-course analysis has identified discrete stages at which the fruit plastids undergo structural and consequently functional transitions to facilitate subsequent development-guided understanding of the complex plastid biology. Plastids are the defining organelle for a plant cell and are critical for myriad metabolic functions. The role of leaf plastid, chloroplast, is extensively documented; however, fruit plastids-chromoplasts-are poorly understood, especially in the context of the diverse metabolic processes operating in these diverse plant organs. Recently, in a comparative study of the predicted plastid-targeted proteomes across seven plant species, we reported that each plant species is predicted to harbor a unique set of plastid-targeted proteins. However, the temporal and developmental context of these processes remains unknown. In this study, an ultrastructural analysis approach was used to characterize fruit plastids in the epidermal and collenchymal cell layers at 11 developmental timepoints in three genotypes of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.): chlorophyll-predominant 'Granny Smith', carotenoid-predominant 'Golden Delicious', and anthocyanin-predominant 'Top Red Delicious'. Plastids transitioned from a proplastid-like plastid to a chromoplast-like plastid in epidermis cells, while in the collenchyma cells, they transitioned from a chloroplast-like plastid to a chloro-chromo-amyloplast plastid. Plastids in the collenchyma cells of the three genotypes demonstrated a diverse array of structures and features. This study enabled the identification of discrete developmental stages during which specific functions are most likely being performed by the plastids as indicated by accumulation of plastoglobuli, starch granules, and other sub-organeller structures. Information regarding the metabolically active developmental stages is expected to facilitate biologically relevant omics studies to unravel the complex biochemistry of plastids in perennial non-model systems.

Dataset Information

Distribution of MdACS3 null alleles in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) and its relevance to the fruit ripening characters.

Publications

Distribution of MdACS3 null alleles in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) and its relevance to the fruit ripening characters.

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