Alkhurma viral hemorrhagic fever virus: proposed guidelines for detection, prevention, and control in Saudi Arabia.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Memish ZA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3409106 | biostudies-literature | 2012
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Alkhurma viral hemorrhagic fever virus: proposed guidelines for detection, prevention, and control in Saudi Arabia.
Memish Ziad A ZA Fagbo Shamsudeen F SF Assiri Abdullah M AM Rollin Pierre P Zaki Ali M AM Charrel Remi R Mores Chris C MacNeil Adam A
PLoS neglected tropical diseases 20120731 7
Similar Datasets
Project description:Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (genus Flavivirus, AHFV) was recently identified as the agent of a viral hemorrhagic fever in Saudi Arabia and characterized serologically and genetically as a variant genotype of Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV). Since viral diagnosis and vaccine development may be hindered by genetic diversity, this study was intended to address AHFV genetic heterogeneity. Eleven strains isolated from hospitalized patients from 1994 to 1999 in Saudi Arabia were sequenced in the envelope, NS3, and NS5 genes. Homologous sequences were compared and used to look for patterns reflecting specific evolution associated with spatiality, temporality, infection pathway, and disease prognosis. Genetic analyses showed low diversity, which suggests a slow microevolution. Evaluation of divergence times showed that AHFV and KFDV ancestral lineage diverged 66-177 years ago, and the diversity observed within the studied AHFV strains reflected a 4- to 72-year period of evolution.
| S-EPMC3320364 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Evidence for the tickborne nature of Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (AHFV) is indirect because AHFV has not been detected in arthropods. One Ornithodoros savignyi tick from Saudi Arabia contained AHFV RNA. This is the first direct evidence that AHFV is a tickborne flavivirus and confirms the association between human AHFV cases and tickbite history.
| S-EPMC2725816 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Two travelers returning to Italy from southern Egypt were hospitalized with a fever of unknown origin. Test results showed infection with Alkhurma virus. The geographic distribution of this virus could be broader than previously thought.
| S-EPMC3294557 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC3321790 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:A mobile laboratory transportable on commercial flights was developed to enable local response to viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks. Methods:The development progressed from use of mobile real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to mobile real-time recombinase polymerase amplification. In this study, we describe various stages of the mobile laboratory development. Results:A brief overview of mobile laboratory deployments, which culminated in the first on-site detection of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in March 2014, and their successful use in a campaign to roll back EVD cases in Conakry in the West Africa Ebola virus outbreak are described. Conclusions:The developed mobile laboratory successfully enabled local teams to perform rapid disgnostic testing for viral hemorrhagic fever.
| S-EPMC6173574 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus RNA was detected in immature Hyalomma rufipes ticks infesting northward migratory birds caught in the North Mediterranean Basin. This finding suggests a role for birds in the ecology of the Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus and a potential mechanism for dissemination to novel regions. Increased surveillance is warranted.
| S-EPMC5938767 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) infected with a lethal dose of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-strain WE (LCMV-WE) provide a model for Lassa fever virus infection of man. Like Lassa fever in human beings, disease begins with flu-like symptoms but can progress to morbidity fairly rapidly. Previously, we profiled the blood transcriptome of LCMV-infected monkeys (M. Djavani et al. J. Virol. 2007: PMID 17522210) showing distinct pre-viremic and viremic stages that discriminated between virulent and benign infections. In the present study, changes in liver gene expression from macaques infected with virulent LCMV-WE were compared to gene expression in uninfected monkeys as well as to monkeys that were infected but not diseased. We observed gene expression changes that occurred before the viremic stage of the disease, and could potentially serve as biomarkers that discriminate between exposure to a hemorrhagic fever virus and exposure to a benign virus. Based on a functional pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes, virulent LCMV-WE had a much broader effect on liver cell function than non-virulent virus. During the first few days of infection, virulent virus impacted gene expression associated with the generation of energy, such as fatty acid metabolism and glucose metabolism, with the complement and coagulation cascades, and with steroid metabolism, MAPK signaling and cell adhesion. For example, the energy profile resembled that of an organism entering starvation: acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a key enzyme of fatty acid synthesis, was shut down and gene products involved in gluconeogenesis were up-regulated. In conclusion, this study identifies several potential gene markers of LCMV-WE-associated liver disease and contributes to the database of gene expression changes correlated with LCMV pathogenesis in primates. 6 groups: uninfected controls, LCMV-WE infected (pre-viremic; day 1 to day 3), LCMV-WE infected (viremic; day 4 to day 7), LCMV-WE infected (post-viremic; day 8 to day 12), LCMV-Armstrong (LCMV-ARM; non-virulent strain) infected, and LCMV-ARM/LCMV-WE infected but not diseased. Each sample is from the liver of a different rhesus macaque.
2010-06-16 | E-GEOD-12254 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We developed a real-time reverse transcription--PCR that detected 1,164 copies/mL of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus per milliliter of serum at 95% probability (probit analysis) and was 100% concordant with nested PCR on 63 samples from 31 patients with confirmed infection. Infected patients who died appeared to have higher viral loads; low viral loads correlated with IgG detection.
| S-EPMC2878241 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) infected with a lethal dose of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-strain WE (LCMV-WE) provide a model for Lassa fever virus infection of man. Like Lassa fever in human beings, disease begins with flu-like symptoms but can progress to morbidity fairly rapidly. Previously, we profiled the blood transcriptome of LCMV-infected monkeys (M. Djavani et al. J. Virol. 2007: PMID 17522210) showing distinct pre-viremic and viremic stages that discriminated between virulent and benign infections. In the present study, changes in liver gene expression from macaques infected with virulent LCMV-WE were compared to gene expression in uninfected monkeys as well as to monkeys that were infected but not diseased. We observed gene expression changes that occurred before the viremic stage of the disease, and could potentially serve as biomarkers that discriminate between exposure to a hemorrhagic fever virus and exposure to a benign virus. Based on a functional pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes, virulent LCMV-WE had a much broader effect on liver cell function than non-virulent virus. During the first few days of infection, virulent virus impacted gene expression associated with the generation of energy, such as fatty acid metabolism and glucose metabolism, with the complement and coagulation cascades, and with steroid metabolism, MAPK signaling and cell adhesion. For example, the energy profile resembled that of an organism entering starvation: acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a key enzyme of fatty acid synthesis, was shut down and gene products involved in gluconeogenesis were up-regulated. In conclusion, this study identifies several potential gene markers of LCMV-WE-associated liver disease and contributes to the database of gene expression changes correlated with LCMV pathogenesis in primates.
2010-06-08 | GSE12254 | GEO
Project description:ObjectivePrescription dispensing services are not digitalized in the majority of governmental hospitals and private clinics in Saudi Arabia, which makes them prone to error. We aimed to evaluate handwritten prescriptions in a region in Saudi Arabia for consistency and accuracy according to international guidelines.MethodsA sample of handwritten prescriptions (dated 2016 or 2017) from selected pharmacies in the Al-Qassim region (n = 556) were evaluated for missing information on items related to prescriber, patient, and medication according to the World Health Organization and Food and Drug Administration guidelines.ResultsWe found that the prescriber's name and contact information were missing in two-thirds of the prescriptions (66%). Patients' addresses were always missing (100%). No prescription contained medication warnings; a majority lacked information on mode of administration (68%) and methods to avoid refilling (66%).ConclusionSaudi Arabia should take a multipronged approach, including digitalization of prescription dispensing services, in both public and private health care facilities in order to reduce prescription errors.
| S-EPMC7705798 | biostudies-literature