Dataset Information

Characteristics of light chains of Chara myosin revealed by immunological investigation.

ABSTRACT: Chara myosin is plant myosin responsible for cytoplasmic streaming and moves actin filaments at 60 µm/s, which is the fastest of all myosins examined. The neck of the myosin molecule has usually mechanical and regulatory roles. The neck of Chara myosin is supposed to bind six light chains, but, at present, we have no knowledge about them. We found Ca??-calmodulin activated Chara myosin motility and its actin-activated ATPase, and actually bound with the Chara myosin heavy chain, indicating calmodulin might be one of candidates for Chara myosin light chains. Antibody against essential light chain from Physarum myosin, and antibodies against Chara calmodulin and chicken myosin light chain from lens membranes reacted with 20 kDa and 18 kDa polypeptides of Chara myosin preparation, respectively. Correspondingly, column purified Chara myosin had light chains of 20 kDa, and 18 kDa with the molar ratio of 0.7 and 2.5 to the heavy chain, respectively.

SUBMITTER: Kakei T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3410491 | biostudies-literature | 2012

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Characteristics of light chains of Chara myosin revealed by immunological investigation.

Kakei Toshihito T Sumiyoshi Hiroki H Higashi-Fujime Sugie S

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences 20120101 5

Chara myosin is plant myosin responsible for cytoplasmic streaming and moves actin filaments at 60 µm/s, which is the fastest of all myosins examined. The neck of the myosin molecule has usually mechanical and regulatory roles. The neck of Chara myosin is supposed to bind six light chains, but, at present, we have no knowledge about them. We found Ca⁺⁺-calmodulin activated Chara myosin motility and its actin-activated ATPase, and actually bound with the Chara myosin heavy chain, indicating calmo ...[more]

PMID: 22687741

Similar Datasets

Project description:We examined the regulatory importance of interactions between regulatory light chain (RLC), essential light chain (ELC), and adjacent heavy chain (HC) in the regulatory domain of smooth muscle heavy meromyosin. After mutating the HC, RLC, and/or ELC to disrupt their predicted interactions (using scallop myosin coordinates), we measured basal ATPase, V(max), and K(ATPase) of actin-activated ATPase, actin-sliding velocities, rigor binding to actin, and kinetics of ATP binding and ADP release. If unphosphorylated, all mutants were similar to wild type showing turned-off behaviors. In contrast, if phosphorylated, mutation of RLC residues smM129Q and smG130C in the F-G helix linker, which interact with the ELC (Ca(2+) binding in scallop), was sufficient to abolish motility and diminish ATPase activity, without altering other parameters. ELC mutations within this interacting ELC loop (smR20M and smK25A) were normal, but smM129Q/G130C-R20M or -K25A showed a partially recovered phenotype suggesting that interaction between the RLC and ELC is important. A molecular dynamics study suggested that breaking the RLC/ELC interface leads to increased flexibility at the interface and ELC-binding site of the HC. We hypothesize that this leads to hampered activation by allowing a pre-existing equilibrium between activated and inhibited structural distributions (Vileno, B., Chamoun, J., Liang, H., Brewer, P., Haldeman, B. D., Facemyer, K. C., Salzameda, B., Song, L., Li, H. C., Cremo, C. R., and Fajer, P. G. (2011) Broad disorder and the allosteric mechanism of myosin II regulation by phosphorylation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108, 8218-8223) to be biased strongly toward the inhibited distribution even when the RLC is phosphorylated. We propose that an important structural function of RLC phosphorylation is to promote or assist in the maintenance of an intact RLC/ELC interface. If the RLC/ELC interface is broken, the off-state structures are no longer destabilized by phosphorylation.

Project description:Recent biochemical studies of p190, a calmodulin (CM)-binding protein purified from vertebrate brain, have demonstrated that this protein, purified as a complex with bound CM, shares a number of properties with myosins (Espindola, F. S., E. M. Espreafico, M. V. Coelho, A. R. Martins, F. R. C. Costa, M. S. Mooseker, and R. E. Larson. 1992. J. Cell Biol. 118:359-368). To determine whether or not p190 was a member of the myosin family of proteins, a set of overlapping cDNAs encoding the full-length protein sequence of chicken brain p190 was isolated and sequenced. Verification that the deduced primary structure was that of p190 was demonstrated through microsequence analysis of a cyanogen bromide peptide generated from chick brain p190. The deduced primary structure of chicken brain p190 revealed that this 1,830-amino acid (aa) 212,509-D) protein is a member of a novel structural class of unconventional myosins that includes the gene products encoded by the dilute locus of mouse and the MYO2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have named the p190-CM complex "myosin-V" based on the results of a detailed sequence comparison of the head domains of 29 myosin heavy chains (hc), which has revealed that this myosin, based on head structure, is the fifth of six distinct structural classes of myosin to be described thus far. Like the presumed products of the mouse dilute and yeast MYO2 genes, the head domain of chicken myosin-V hc (aa 1-764) is linked to a "neck" domain (aa 765-909) consisting of six tandem repeats of an approximately 23-aa "IQ-motif." All known myosins contain at least one such motif at their head-tail junctions; these IQ-motifs may function as calmodulin or light chain binding sites. The tail domain of chicken myosin-V consists of an initial 511 aa predicted to form several segments of coiled-coil alpha helix followed by a terminal 410-aa globular domain (aa, 1,421-1,830). Interestingly, a portion of the tail domain (aa, 1,094-1,830) shares 58% amino acid sequence identity with a 723-aa protein from mouse brain reported to be a glutamic acid decarboxylase. The neck region of chicken myosin-V, which contains the IQ-motifs, was demonstrated to contain the binding sites for CM by analyzing CM binding to bacterially expressed fusion proteins containing the head, neck, and tail domains. Immunolocalization of myosin-V in brain and in cultured cells revealed an unusual distribution for this myosin in both neurons and nonneuronal cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Dataset Information

Characteristics of light chains of Chara myosin revealed by immunological investigation.

Publications

Characteristics of light chains of Chara myosin revealed by immunological investigation.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets