Dataset Information

The Anopheles gambiae cE5, a tight- and fast-binding thrombin inhibitor with post-transcriptionally regulated salivary-restricted expression.

ABSTRACT: Mosquito saliva carries a large number of factors with anti-hemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory activities. The cE5 protein was initially identified during an Anopheles gambiae salivary gland transcriptome study and later shown to share sequence similarity with anophelin, a thrombin inhibitor from the saliva of the New World mosquito Anopheles albimanus. The cE5 gene was found to encode different mRNA isoforms coexisting in several tissues of both male and female mosquitoes, a highly unusual profile for a gene potentially encoding an anti-thrombin and involved in blood feeding. Expression of the cE5 protein and assessment of its activity and inhibitory properties showed that it is a highly specific and tight-binding thrombin inhibitor, which differs from the A. albimanus orthologue for the fast-binding kinetics. Despite the widespread occurrence of cE5 transcripts in different mosquito tissues the corresponding protein was only found in female salivary glands, where it undergoes post-translational modification. Therefore, tissue-specific restriction of the A. gambiae cE5 is not achieved by transcriptional control, as common for mosquito salivary genes involved in hematophagy, but by post-trascriptional gene regulatory mechanisms. Our observations provide a paradigm of post-transcriptional regulation as key determinant of tissue specificity for a protein from an important disease vector and point out that transcriptomic data should be interpreted with caution in the absence of concomitant proteomic support.

SUBMITTER: Ronca R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3416949 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Anopheles gambiae cE5, a tight- and fast-binding thrombin inhibitor with post-transcriptionally regulated salivary-restricted expression.

Ronca Raffaele R Kotsyfakis Michalis M Lombardo Fabrizio F Rizzo Cinzia C Currà Chiara C Ponzi Marta M Fiorentino Gabriella G Ribeiro Josè M C JM Arcà Bruno B

Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 20120514 9

Mosquito saliva carries a large number of factors with anti-hemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory activities. The cE5 protein was initially identified during an Anopheles gambiae salivary gland transcriptome study and later shown to share sequence similarity with anophelin, a thrombin inhibitor from the saliva of the New World mosquito Anopheles albimanus. The cE5 gene was found to encode different mRNA isoforms coexisting in several tissues of both male and female mosquitoes, a hi ...[more]

PMID: 22617725

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Project description:Although the salivary transcriptome of adult mosquitoes has been thoroughly described in several recent papers, very little information exists regarding the biological role of larval salivary glands in the Culicidae. We used whole-transcriptome AffymetrixÂ® chips to compare the transcriptional profiles of Anopheles gambiae larval (L4) salivary glands and whole larvae. We identified a total of 277 transcripts as being significantly enriched in the salivary glands. Based on available annotation for the known or predicted protein sequences encoded by these transcripts, 41 were identified as corresponding to secreted proteins, 233 as corresponding to non-secreted (housekeeping) proteins, and 3 as encoding proteins of unknown function. Based on functional annotation of the putatively secreted gene products, we propose that larval salivary secretions have roles in nutrient digestion, detoxification, immunity, and mouthpart lubrication. Interestingly, several components of the larval saliva (e.g. apyrase and serine proteases) have also been reported to exist in adult female saliva, where they are though to help regulate a vertebrate hostâs immune response to bloodfeeding. In conclusion, our results suggest that the salivary glands are important components of both the digestive and immune systems of larval mosquitoes, and that their study might provide clues about the evolution of adaptations to bloodfeeding observed in adults. Experiment Overall Design: We attempted to identify transcripts that are both present and significantly enriched in the salivary glands (SG) of the 4th instar Anopheles gambiae larva. Transcripts were considered as present in the SG if the built-in Affymetrix detection call scored them as such in all three biological replicates of the experiment. Expression values (i.e. signal intensities) of transcripts from the salivary glands were compared to those of a matching group of whole 4th instar larvae using a t-test. Transcripts showing an expression value two-fold or higher (p < 0.01; false discovery rate=1%) in the SG as compared to whole larvae were considered to be significantly enriched.

Dataset Information

The Anopheles gambiae cE5, a tight- and fast-binding thrombin inhibitor with post-transcriptionally regulated salivary-restricted expression.

Publications

The Anopheles gambiae cE5, a tight- and fast-binding thrombin inhibitor with post-transcriptionally regulated salivary-restricted expression.

Similar Datasets

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